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Solo Schistocephalus solidus tapeworms are nasty

机译：独有的血吸虫线虫tape虫令人讨厌

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Trophically transmitted parasites must trade-off own growth on one hand and energy drain from the intermediate host on the other hand, since killing the host before transmission to the next host is a dead end for both parasites and hosts. This challenge becomes especially intriguing when multiple parasites find themselves within the same individual host. The tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus may gain more than 98% of its final body mass within few months infecting its three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) intermediate host. During these months the tapeworms may achieve a mass even larger than its host. We studied virulence of single and multiple infections of S. solidus, by comparing body condition of wild stickleback hosts in two perennial stickleback populations located at high latitudes, and each population was studied in two different years. Our results demonstrated multiple compared with single infections to be a highly significant predictor of the condition of stickleback hosts, with multiple-infected hosts having relatively higher body condition. However, this applied only after adjusting for parasite mass, which was another significant predictor for host condition. Thus, our results suggested that, at a given parasite mass, S. solidus was more harmful towards their host's body condition in single compared with multiple infections.
机译：营养性传播的寄生虫一方面必须权衡自身的增长，另一方面必须从中间宿主身上消耗能量，因为在传播到下一个宿主之前杀死宿主对于寄生虫和宿主都是死胡同。当多个寄生虫在同一个体寄主中发现自己时，这一挑战就变得特别有趣。 solid虫血吸虫固形虫可能会在几个月内感染其三棘刺背back（Gasterosteus aculeatus）中间宿主，从而获得其最终体重的98％以上。在这几个月中，tape虫的质量可能甚至超过其宿主。通过比较两个位于高纬度的多年生stick背种群中野生stick背宿主的身体状况，我们研究了固相链球菌单次和多次感染的毒力，并且每个种群在两个不同的年份进行了研究。我们的结果表明，与单次感染相比，多重感染是be背宿主病情的高度重要预测指标，而多重感染宿主的身体状况相对较高。但是，这仅在调整了寄生虫质量后才适用，这是宿主状况的另一个重要预测指标。因此，我们的结果表明，在给定的寄生虫质量下，固相链球菌单次感染对宿主的身体状况比多重感染更为有害。

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