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Is there a cost of parasites to caribou?

机译：驯鹿有寄生虫的代价吗？

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摘要

SUMMARY: Macroparasites potentially play a significant but often ignored role in the ecology and dynamics of wild ruminant populations. In the Arctic, parasites may impact on host populations by exacerbating the effects of seasonal and limited forage availability on the condition, fecundity and survival of individuals. We studied the effects of abomasal nematode parasites and warble flies, Hypoderma tarandi, on condition and pregnancy of caribou Rangifer tarandus in the Dolphin-Union herd, Nunavut, Canada. By the end of winter, female caribou over 2 years old showed a significant decrease in body weight with increasing nematode burden, and a decrease in back fat depth with increasing warble abundance. These effects were exaggerated in the non-pregnant fraction of the population. High warble larvae burdens were also associated with significantly reduced probability of being pregnant. Our research demonstrates a negative relationship between parasites and caribou condition that may have consequences for their fitness. Additionally, we discuss the possibility that muskox Ovibos moschatus share some parasite species with the caribou and could lead to elevated burdens in the sympatric host. Parasites may have been a contributory factor in a previous winter range-shift of the caribou herd and this may reflect a form of apparent competition between the two ungulate species.
机译：摘要：大型寄生虫可能在野生反刍动物种群的生态和动态中起重要作用，但常常被忽略。在北极，寄生虫可能加剧季节性和有限草料供应对个体状况，繁殖力和生存的影响，从而对寄主种群产生影响。我们在加拿大努纳武特的海豚联盟牧群中研究了土著疟疾线虫寄生虫和疣蝇Hypoderma tarandi对驯鹿Rangifer tarandus的状况和怀孕的影响。到冬季结束时，超过2岁的雌驯鹿的体重随着线虫负担的增加而显着降低，而随着脂肪含量的增加，背部脂肪深度也随之降低。在人口的非怀孕部分中，这些影响被夸大了。高幼虫负担也与怀孕概率大大降低有关。我们的研究表明，寄生虫与驯鹿状况之间存在负相关关系，这可能对其适应性产生影响。此外，我们讨论了麝香麝鱼与驯鹿共享一些寄生虫物种并可能导致同胞寄主负担增加的可能性。寄生虫可能是以前北美驯鹿群冬季范围变化的一个促成因素，这可能反映了这两种有蹄类动物之间明显的竞争形式。

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