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Next-generation sequencing reveals cryptic mtDNA diversity of Plasmodium relictum in the Hawaiian Islands

机译:下一代测序揭示了夏威夷群岛疟原虫隐性线粒体DNA的多样性

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摘要

Next-generation 454 sequencing techniques were used to re-examine diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in Hawaii. We document a minimum of 23 variant lineages of the parasite based on single nucleotide transitional changes, in addition to the previously reported single lineage (GRW4). A new, publicly available portal (Integroomer) was developed for initial parsing of 454 datasets. Mean variant prevalence and frequency was higher in low elevation Hawaii Amakihi (Hemignathus virens) with Avipoxvirus-like lesions (P = 0·001), suggesting that the variants may be biologically distinct. By contrast, variant prevalence and frequency did not differ significantly among mid-elevation Apapane (Himatione sanguinea) with or without lesions (P = 0·691). The low frequency and the lack of detection of variants independent of GRW4 suggest that multiple independent introductions of P. relictum to Hawaii are unlikely. Multiple variants may have been introduced in heteroplasmy with GRW4 or exist within the tandem repeat structure of the mitochondrial genome. The discovery of multiple mitochondrial lineages of P. relictum in Hawaii provides a measure of genetic diversity within a geographically isolated population of this parasite and suggests the origins and evolution of parasite diversity may be more complicated than previously recognized.
机译:下一代454测序技术用于在夏威夷重新检查禽类疟疾(Plasmodium relictum)线粒体细胞色素b谱系的多样性。除了先前报道的单谱系(GRW4)外,我们还根据单核苷酸的过渡变化记录了该寄生虫的至少23个变异谱系。开发了一个新的公共门户(Integroomer),用于初始解析454个数据集。在低海拔的夏威夷Amakihi(Hemignathus virens)出现带有Apopoxvirus样病灶(P = 0·001)的平均变体患病率和频率较高,表明这些变体可能具有生物学差异。相比之下,在中高位Apapane(Himatione sanguinea)中,有无病变(P = 0·691)的变异患病率和频率无明显差异。低频率和缺乏独立于GRW4的变体检测表明,不可能将夏威夷假单胞菌多次独立引入夏威夷。多种变体可能已与GRW4引入异质性或存在于线粒体基因组的串联重复结构中。在夏威夷发现的多个遗留疟原虫线粒体谱系为该寄生虫的地理隔离种群提供了遗传多样性的量度,并表明寄生虫多样性的起源和进化可能比以前认识的更为复杂。

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