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首页> 外文期刊>Parasitology Research >Synergistic insecticidal and repellent effects of combined pyrethroid and repellent-impregnated bed nets using a novel long-lasting polymer-coating multi-layer technique
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Synergistic insecticidal and repellent effects of combined pyrethroid and repellent-impregnated bed nets using a novel long-lasting polymer-coating multi-layer technique

机译：拟除虫菊酯和驱虫剂浸渍的蚊帐组合的新型杀虫剂和驱虫剂具有持久的新型聚合物涂层多层技术

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摘要

New and improved strategies for malaria control and prevention are urgently needed. As a contribution to an optimized personal protection strategy, a novel long-lasting insecticide and repellent-treated net (LLIRN) has been designed by binding combinations of permethrin plus N,Ndiethyl- m-toluamide (DEET), or insect repellent 3535 (IR3535), and etofenprox plus DEET, onto fibres of bed net fabric employing a new multi-layer polymer-coating technique. Protective repellent efficacy, toxicological effectiveness and residual activity of 12 LLIRN types have been evaluated by laboratory testing against adult Aedes aegypti. The novel multi-layer LLIRN design allowed simultaneous embedding at concentrations up to 5,930 mg/m 2 for DEET, 3,408 mg/m 2 for IR3535, 2,296 mg/m 2 for permethrin and 2,349 mg/m 2 for etofenprox, respectively. IR3535 layers prevented co-binding of additional pyrethroid-containing polymer layers, thus making pyrethroids plus DEET LLIRNs an ideal combination. All LLIRNs revealed synergistic insecticidal effects which, when measured against concentration controls of the isolated compounds, were significant in all LLIRN types designed. DEET in DEET plus permethrin LLIRNs significantly (p0.0001) reduced the concentration-dependent permethrin 100 % knockdown (KD) time from 55 to 75 %, the corresponding 100 % kill time (p0.0001) from 55 to 64 %. DEET in DEET plus etofenprox LLIRNs reduced the dose-specific 100 % knockdown (KD) time of etofenprox from 42 to 50 % (p=0.004), the 100 % kill time from 25 to 38 % (p0.0001). Permethrin or etofenprox did not influence spatial repellency of DEET or IR3535 on LLIRNs. Vice versa, DEET and IR3535 increased spatial and excitatory repellency and reduced landing and probing frequency on LLIRNs resulting in strongly enhanced biting protection, even at low concentrations. One hundred percent biting and probing protection of stored LLIRNs was preserved for 83 weeks with the 5,930 mg/m 2 DEET and 2,139 mg/m 2 etofenprox LLIRN, for 72 weeks with the 5,002 mg/m 2 DEET and 2,349 mg/m 2 etofenprox LLIRN, for 63 weeks with the 3,590 mg/m 2 DEETand 1,208 mg/m 2 permethrin LLRN, and for 61 weeks with the 4,711 mg/m 2 DEET and 702 mg/m 2 etofenprox LLIRN. Because 100 % bite protection with up to 75 % quicker contact toxicity of pyrethroids were documented, synergistic toxicological and repellent effects of multi-layer polymer-coating LLIRNs may overcome LLIN-triggered selection pressure for development of new kdr- and metabolic pyrethroid resistances while simultaneously increasing protective efficacy also against kdr- and metabolic pyrethroidresistant mosquitoes substantially due to the repellent-induced effects of LLIRNs thus indicating that this approach is a promising new candidate for future bed net, curtain, and window screen impregnation aiming at optimized prevention from mosquito-borne diseases.
机译：迫切需要新的和改进的疟疾控制和预防策略。为了优化个人防护策略，通过结合苄氯菊酯和N，Ndiethyl-间甲酰胺（DEET）或驱虫剂3535（IR3535）的组合，设计了一种新型的持久杀虫剂和经驱虫剂处理的网（LLIRN）。 ）和etofenprox加上DEET，然后使用一种新型的多层聚合物涂层技术将其涂在床网织物的纤维上。已通过针对成年埃及伊蚊的实验室测试评估了12种LLIRN类型的防护性驱避效力，毒理学效力和残留活性。新颖的多层LLIRN设计允许同时嵌入浓度高达5930 mg / m 2的DEET，3408 mg / m 2的IR3535、2,296 mg / m 2的氯菊酯和2349 mg / m 2的etofenprox。 IR3535层阻止了其他含拟除虫菊酯的聚合物层的共结合，因此使拟除虫菊酯和DEET LLIRNs成为理想的组合。所有LLIRNs都显示出协同的杀虫效果，当针对分离的化合物的浓度对照进行测量时，在所有设计的LLIRN类型中均具有显着的杀虫效果。 DEET和苄氯菊酯LLIRNs中的DEET显着（p <0.0001）将浓度依赖性苄氯菊酯的100％击倒（KD）时间从55％降低到75％，相应的100％杀死时间（p <0.0001）从55％降低到64％。 DEET和etofenprox LLIRNs中的DEET将etofenprox的剂量特异性100％击倒（KD）时间从42％降低到50％（p = 0.004），将100％杀灭时间从25％降低到38％（p <0.0001）。苄氯菊酯或etofenprox不会影响DERT或IR3535对LLIRN的空间排斥性。反之亦然，DEET和IR3535增强了空间和兴奋性，并降低了LLIRNs的着陆和探测频率，即使在低浓度下也能显着增强防咬保护。使用5,930 mg / m 2 DEET和2,139 mg / m 2 etofenprox LLIRN可以对存储的LLIRNs进行100％的咬住和探测保护，持续83周，使用5,002 mg / m 2 DEET和2,349 mg / m 2 etofenprox可以保留72周LLIRN，分别使用3,590 mg / m 2 DEET和1,208 mg / m 2氯菊酯LLRN进行63周，并使用4,711 mg / m 2 DEET和702 mg / m 2 etofenprox LLIRN进行61周。由于已证明100％的咬合保护和拟除虫菊酯的最高75％的更快的接触毒性，多层聚合物涂层LLIRNs的协同毒理和驱避作用可以克服LLIN触发的选择压力，从而同时开发新的kdr和代谢拟除虫菊酯抗性基本上由于LLIRNs的驱避剂诱导的作用，提高了对kdr和代谢性拟除虫菊酯抗性蚊子的保护效力，因此表明该方法是未来蚊帐，窗帘和窗纱浸渍的有希望的新候选者，旨在优化预防蚊媒传播疾病。

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