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Dust impact on marine biota and atmospheric CO_2 during glacial periods

机译：冰川期沙尘对海洋生物和大气CO_2的影响

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摘要

We assess the impact of high dust deposition rates on marine biota and atmospheric CO_2 using a state-of-the-art ocean biogenochemistry model and observations. Our model includes an explicit representation of two groups of phytoplankton and colimitation by iron, silicate, and phosphate. When high dust deposition rates from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) are used as input, our model shows an increase in the relative abundance of diatoms in today's iron-limited regions, causing a global increase in export production by 6% and an atmospheric CO_2 drawdown of 15 ppm. When the combined effects of changes in dust, temperature, ice cover, and circulation are included, the model reproduces roughly our reconstruction of regional changes in export production during the LGM based on several paleoceanographic indicators. In particular, the model reproduces the latitudinal dipole in the Southern Ocean, driven in our simulations by the conjunction of dust, sea ice, and circulation changes. In the North Pacific the limited open ocean data suggest that we correctly simulate the eastwest gradient in the open ocean, but more data are needed to confirm this result. From our model-data comparison and from the timing of the dust record at Vostok, we argue that our model estimate of the role of dust is realistic and that the maximum impact of high dust deposition on atmospheric CO_2 must be <30 ppm.
机译：我们使用最先进的海洋生物遗传化学模型和观测值评估高扬尘沉积速率对海洋生物群和大气CO_2的影响。我们的模型包括两组浮游植物的显式表示，以及铁，硅酸盐和磷酸盐的共限制作用。当使用来自上次冰期最大值（LGM）的高粉尘沉积速率作为输入时，我们的模型显示，当今铁限制地区的硅藻相对丰度增加，导致全球出口产量增加6％，大气中的CO_2下降15 ppm。当包括灰尘，温度，冰盖和环流变化的综合影响时，该模型大致再现了我们在LGM期间基于几个古海洋学指标对出口生产区域变化的重构。特别是，该模型在沙尘，海冰和环流变化共同作用下，模拟了南大洋的纬向偶极子。在北太平洋，有限的开放海洋数据表明我们可以正确模拟开放海洋中的东西向梯度，但是需要更多数据才能证实这一结果。根据我们的模型数据比较以及沃斯托克（Vostok）尘埃记录的时间安排，我们认为尘埃作用的模型估算是现实的，高尘埃沉积对大气CO_2的最大影响必须小于30 ppm。

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