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首页> 外文期刊>PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan >Observational appearance and spectrum of black-hole winds
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Observational appearance and spectrum of black-hole winds

机译：黑洞风的观测外观和光谱

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摘要

We examine the observational appearance of an optically thick, spherically symmetric, relativistic wind (a black-hole wind), focusing our attention on the emerging spectrum. In a relativistic flow, the apparent optical depth becomes small (large) in the downstream (upstream) direction due to the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction. As a result, the location of the apparent photosphere of the wind is remarkably modified, and there appears a relativistic limb-darkening (center-brightening) effect, where the comoving temperature distribution of the apparent photosphere is enhanced (reduced) at the center (in the limb). In addition, due to the usual Doppler boost, the observed temperature distribution is greatly changed. These relativistic effects modify the expected spectrum. When the wind speed is subrelativistic, the observed temperature distribution is almost uniform, and the spectra of the black-hole wind are blackbody-like. When the wind speed becomes relativistic, on the other hand, the observed temperature distribution, T_(obs), exhibits a power-law nature of T_(obs) ∝ r~(-1), where r is the distance from the disk center, and the observed spectra Sν become a modified blackbody, which has a power-law part of Sν ∝ ν, where ν is the frequency. We briefly examine the effects of the spatial variation of the wind speed and the mass-loss rate.
机译：我们检查了光学上厚的，球对称的，相对论风（黑洞风）的观测外观，并将我们的注意力集中在了新兴的光谱上。在相对论流中，由于洛伦兹-菲茨杰拉德收缩，表观光学深度在下游（上游）方向上变小（变大）。结果，风的视光层的位置发生了显着变化，并且出现了相对论的肢体变暗（中心变亮）效应，其中视光层的共同移动温度分布在中心处得到增强（降低）（在四肢）。另外，由于通常的多普勒升压，观察到的温度分布大大改变。这些相对论效应会改变预期的频谱。当风速为相对论时，观测到的温度分布几乎是均匀的，黑洞风的光谱类似于黑体。另一方面，当风速变得相对论时，观测到的温度分布T_（obs）表现出幂律性质T_（obs）∝ r〜（-1），其中r是距磁盘中心的距离，并且观察到的光谱Sν变为修改后的黑体，其具有Sννν的幂律部分，其中ν是频率。我们简要检查了风速和质量损失率的空间变化的影响。

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