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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Tics and problem behaviors in schoolchildren: prevalence, characterization, and associations.
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Tics and problem behaviors in schoolchildren: prevalence, characterization, and associations.

机译：中小学生的抽动和问题行为：患病率，特征和联想。

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OBJECTIVE: Tic disorders are the most common movement disorder diagnosed in children and have symptoms that fluctuate in frequency and intensity over time. We conducted an 8-month longitudinal observational study to determine the variations in frequency of motor tics and associated problem behaviors. METHODS: A total of 553 children, kindergarten through sixth grade, were observed monthly from November 1999 to June 2000 by 3 raters. Motor tics were recorded by location and rated for severity as none (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). Problem behaviors were rated as absent (0), subclinical (1), or clinical (2) in each of 6 categories: disruptive, hyperactive, impulsive, aggressive, anxious, and distracted. RESULTS: The monthly point prevalence of motor tics ranged from 3.2% to 9.6%, with an overall frequency of 24.4%. The monthly point prevalence of problem behaviors ranged from 2.6% to 11.0%, with an overall frequency of 25.7%. The incidence of motor tics and problem behaviors was significantly higher during the winter months of November through February, compared with the spring months of March through June (motor tics: z = 4.97; problem behaviors: z = 3.79). Motor tics were observed in 2 distinct patterns (isolated and persistent), which varied by the number of months present, gender ratio of affected children, severity of tic symptoms, and association with problem behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: Motor tics and problem behaviors are frequent occurrences among schoolchildren and seem to occur more frequently during the winter months. For most children, the tics were mild, observed on only 1 occasion, and were not accompanied by problem behaviors.
机译：目的：抽动障碍是儿童中最常见的运动障碍，其症状随时间和频率而变化。我们进行了为期8个月的纵向观察性研究，以确定运动性抽动频率和相关问题行为的频率变化。方法：从1999年11月至2000年6月，由3位评估者每月观察553名儿童，从幼儿园到六年级。通过位置记录运动性​​抽动，并将其严重程度定为无（0），轻度（1），中度（2）或严重（3）。在以下六个类别中，每个类别的问题行为被评为不存在（0），亚临床（1）或临床（2）：破坏性，活动过度，冲动，攻击性，焦虑和分心。结果：运动性抽动的月度患病率为3.2％至9.6％，总发生率为24.4％。问题行为的月度患病率从2.6％到11.0％不等，总体发生率为25.7％。与3月至6月的春季相比，11月至2月的冬季运动性抽动和问题行为的发生率要高得多（运动性抽动：z = 4.97;问题行为：z = 3.79）。观察到运动性抽动有2种不同的模式（隔离和持续性），其变化取决于存在的月数，患病儿童的性别比例，抽动症状的严重程度以及与问题行为的关联。结论：运动抽动症和问题行为在小学生中经常发生，并且似乎在冬季更常见。对于大多数孩子来说，抽动是温和的，只有1次被观察到，并且没有伴随问题行为。

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