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首页> 外文期刊>Pediatrics: Official Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics >Asymmetric Hearing During Development: The Aural Preference Syndrome and Treatment Options
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Asymmetric Hearing During Development: The Aural Preference Syndrome and Treatment Options

机译：发育过程中的不对称听力：听觉偏好综合征和治疗选择

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摘要

Deafness affects similar to 2 in 1000 children and is one of the most common congenital impairments. Permanent hearing loss can be treated by fitting hearing aids. More severe to profound deafness is an indication for cochlear implantation. Although newborn hearing screening programs have increased the identification of asymmetric hearing loss, parents and caregivers of children with single-sided deafness are often hesitant to pursue therapy for the deaf ear. Delayed intervention has consequences for recovery of hearing. It has long been reported that asymmetric hearing loss/single-sided deafness compromises speech and language development and educational outcomes in children. Recent studies in animal models of deafness and in children consistently show evidence of an "aural preference syndrome" in which single-sided deafness in early childhood reorganizes the developing auditory pathways toward the hearing ear, with weaker central representation of the deaf ear. Delayed therapy consequently compromises benefit for the deaf ear, with slow rates of improvement measured over time. Therefore, asymmetric hearing needs early identification and intervention. Providing early effective stimulation in both ears through appropriate fitting of auditory prostheses, including hearing aids and cochlear implants, within a sensitive period in development has a cardinal role for securing the function of the impaired ear and for restoring binaural/spatial hearing. The impacts of asymmetric hearing loss on the developing auditory system and on spoken language development have often been underestimated. Thus, the traditional minimalist approach to clinical management aimed at 1 functional ear should be modified on the basis of current evidence.
机译：耳聋的影响类似于千分之二的儿童，是最常见的先天性障碍之一。永久性听力损失可以通过安装助听器来治疗。重度至重度耳聋是耳蜗植入的指征。尽管新生儿听力筛查程序已经增加了对非对称性听力损失的识别，但是单侧耳聋儿童的父母和照顾者常常不愿对耳聋进行治疗。延迟干预会对听力恢复产生影响。长期以来一直有报道称，非对称性听力损失/单侧耳聋会损害儿童的言语和语言发展以及教育成果。最近在耳聋和儿童耳聋动物模型中的研究始终显示出“听觉偏爱综合症”的证据，其中儿童早期的单侧耳聋重新组织了朝向听觉耳朵的发育性听觉通路，而耳聋的中枢表现较弱。因此，延迟治疗会损害耳聋的益处，随着时间的推移，改善的速度会很慢。因此，不对称听力需要及早识别和干预。在发育的敏感期内，通过适当安装听觉假体（包括助听器和人工耳蜗），在双耳中提供早期有效刺激，对于确保受损的耳朵功能和恢复双耳/空间听力具有重要作用。人们常常低估了听力不对称对听觉系统发育和口语发展的影响。因此，针对现有功能的传统的极简主义临床管理方法应针对1个功能性耳朵。

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