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Taxonomy of Collembola at the beginning of the new millennium

机译：新千年之初的Collembola分类

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A historical review of the development of Collembola taxonomy showed that progress was slow up to the Second World War. General shape of the body, relative lengths of the head, thorax and abdominal segments, antennae, furca and its reduction, number of ommatidia, and pigmentation were standard components of the descriptions in the period up to the end of the 19(th) century. New characters for species differentiation were increasingly used during the last decade before the Second World War. Bonet, Denis, Stach and Gisin were leading taxonomists in this second period. Stach completed his work with an extensive nine-volume monograph covering almost all groups of Collembola. Gisin introduced into the taxonomy many new characters and substantially changed the view among species of Hypogastruridae, Onychiuridae, Lepidocyrtini, Seirini and some Symphypleona. Gisin also formulated a general Synthetic Theory of Taxonomy based on his experience with collembolan classification. His Collembolenfauna Europas had an immense impact on further development of collembolan taxonomy. Many taxonomists then used complete chaetotaxy, sensilla apparatus, mouth-part structures, first larvae morphology, and other characters not only for collembolan species differentiation, but also for their higher classification and phyletic studies. Discovery of the ecomorphosis phenomenon was an important milestone in studies of ecology and taxonomy of Collembola. The main goals of collembolan taxonomy in the new millennium are enumerated.
机译：对Collembola分类法的发展进行的历史回顾表明，直到第二次世界大战之前，进展都是缓慢的。身体的一般形状，头部，胸部和腹部的相对长度，触角，毛发及其减少，眼孔的数量和色素沉着是描述的标准组成部分，直到19世纪末。在第二次世界大战之前的最近十年中，越来越多地使用物种分化的新角色。 Bonet，Denis，Stach和Gisin是第二阶段的主要分类学家。 Stach完成了他的著作，其中包括九卷专着，涵盖了几乎所有的Collembola。 Gisin向分类学中引入了许多新特性，并大大改变了下腹纲科，Onychiuridae，Lepidocyrtini，Seirini和某些Symphypleona之间的观点。 Gisin还基于他的collembolan分类经验，制定了通用的分类学综合理论。他的Collembolenfauna Europas对collembolan分类学的进一步发展产生了巨大影响。然后，许多分类学家将完整的分类学，感应器，嘴部结构，初生幼虫形态以及其他特征不仅用于collembolan物种的分化，而且用于其更高的分类和系统研究。生态形态现象的发现是Collembola生态学和分类学研究的重要里程碑。列举了新千年Collembolan分类学的主要目标。

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