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首页> 外文期刊>Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior >Stress and the brain: Solving the puzzle using microdialysis.
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Stress and the brain: Solving the puzzle using microdialysis.

机译：压力和大脑：使用微透析解决难题。

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摘要

Aberrant functioning of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis seems to be involved in depression and anxiety. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and mental illness are not completely resolved yet. The therapeutical efficacy of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines points to a key role of serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in depression and anxiety. Thus, it can be hypothesised that stress-induced changes in serotonin and GABA contribute to a dysregulation of the HPA axis and to the development of psychiatric disorders in susceptible subjects. It will, therefore, be crucial to increase our understanding of the effects of stress on serotonin and GABA. Various refinements have made in vivo microdialysis an extremely powerful method to study the highly dynamic neurotransmitter responses in stress physiology and behaviour. Furthermore, microdialysis can also be used to measure free corticosterone levels in the brain and, thus, HPA axis activity and neurotransmission can be monitored concomitantly. Here we review the effects of acute and chronic stress on serotonin and GABA, as assessed by microdialysis, in the hippocampus; a brain structure critically involved in the behavioural and neuroendocrine responses to stress. From the microdialysis data discussed, it can be concluded that both serotonin and GABA in the hippocampus are highly responsive to stress, but also that these responses are shaped by the exact nature of the stressor, i.e. the balance between the psychological and physical aspects of the stressful challenge.
机译：下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴的异常功能似乎与抑郁和焦虑有关。但是，压力与精神疾病之间关系的潜在机制尚未完全解决。选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂和苯二氮卓类药物的治疗功效表明5-羟色胺和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）在抑郁和焦虑中起关键作用。因此，可以假设5-羟色胺和GABA的应激诱导变化导致HPA轴失调和易感受试者的精神疾病的发展。因此，对我们了解应激对5-羟色胺和GABA的影响至关重要。各种改进使体内微透析成为研究应激生理和行为中高度动态的神经递质反应的极其有效的方法。此外，微透析还可以用于测量大脑中游离皮质酮的水平，因此，可以同时监测HPA轴活性和神经传递。在这里，我们回顾了通过微透析评估的海马急性和慢性应激对5-羟色胺和GABA的影响。关键参与行为和神经内分泌对压力反应的大脑结构。从讨论的微透析数据可以得出结论，海马中的5-羟色胺和GABA均对压力高度敏感，但这些反应也取决于压力源的确切性质，即心理和生理方面的平衡。压力大的挑战。

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