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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Immune defence, parasite evasion strategies and their relevance for ‘macroscopic phenomena’ such as virulence
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Immune defence, parasite evasion strategies and their relevance for ‘macroscopic phenomena’ such as virulence

机译：免疫防御，寄生虫规避策略及其与“宏观现象”（如毒力）的相关性

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摘要

The discussion of host–parasite interactions, and of parasite virulence more specifically, has so far, with a few exceptions, not focused much attention on the accumulating evidence that immune evasion by parasites is not only almost universal but also often linked to pathogenesis, i.e. the appearance of virulence. Now, the immune evasion hypothesis offers a deeper insight into the evolution of virulence than previous hypotheses. Sensitivity analysis for parasite fitness and life-history theory shows promise to generate a more general evolutionary theory of virulence by including a major element, immune evasion to prevent parasite clearance from the host. Also, the study of dose–response relationships and multiple infections should be particularly illuminating to understand the evolution of virulence. Taking into account immune evasion brings immunological processes to the core of understanding the evolution of parasite virulence and for a range of related issues such as dose, host specificity or immunopathology. The aim of this review is to highlight the mechanism underlying immune evasion and to discuss possible consequences for the evolutionary ecology analysis of host–parasite interactions.
机译：迄今为止，关于宿主-寄生虫相互作用以及更具体地讲关于寄生虫毒力的讨论，除少数例外，并未将太多的注意力集中在越来越多的证据上，即寄生虫的免疫逃逸不仅几乎是普遍的，而且经常与发病机理有关，即毒力的出现。现在，免疫逃逸假说比以前的假说提供了对毒力演变的更深入的了解。对寄生虫适应性和生活史理论的敏感性分析表明，通过包含一种主要成分免疫逃逸来防止寄生虫从宿主中清除，有望产生一种更通用的毒力进化论。另外，对剂量-反应关系和多重感染的研究对于理解毒力的演变尤其具有启发性。考虑到免疫逃逸，免疫学过程将成为了解寄生虫毒力演变以及一系列相关问题（例如剂量，宿主特异性或免疫病理学）的核心。这篇综述的目的是强调免疫逃逸的潜在机制，并讨论宿主-寄生虫相互作用的进化生态学分析的可能后果。

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