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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time processing: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation and patients with cortical or subcortical dysfunction
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Neural networks engaged in milliseconds and seconds time processing: evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation and patients with cortical or subcortical dysfunction

机译：神经网络参与毫秒和秒的时间处理：经颅磁刺激以及皮质或皮质下功能障碍患者的证据

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Here, we review recent transcranial magnetic stimulation studies and investigations in patients with neurological disease such as Parkinson's disease and stroke, showing that the neural processing of time requires the activity of wide range-distributed brain networks. The neural activity of the cerebellum seems most crucial when subjects are required to quickly estimate the passage of brief intervals, and when time is computed in relation to precise salient events. Conversely, the circuits involving the striatum and the substantia nigra projecting to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) are mostly implicated in supra-second time intervals and when time is processed in conjunction with other cognitive functions. A conscious representation of temporal intervals relies on the integrity of the prefrontal and parietal cortices. The role of the PFC becomes predominant when time intervals have to be kept in memory, especially for longer supra-second time intervals, or when the task requires a high cognitive level. We conclude that the contribution of these strongly interconnected anatomical structures in time processing is not fixed, depending not only on the duration of the time interval to be assessed by the brain, but also on the cognitive set, the chosen task and the stimulus modality.
机译：在这里，我们回顾了最近的经颅磁刺激研究和神经系统疾病，如帕金森氏病和中风患者的调查，表明时间的神经处理需要广泛分布的大脑网络的活动。当要求受试者快速估计短暂间隔的经过，以及根据精确的显着事件计算时间时，小脑的神经活动似乎最为关键。相反，涉及纹状体和黑质投射到前额叶皮层（PFC）的电路大多牵涉到超第二时间间隔，并且在处理时间时结合其他认知功能。时间间隔的有意识表示取决于前额叶和顶叶皮层的完整性。当必须在内存中保留时间间隔时，尤其是在较长的第二秒时间间隔中，或者当任务需要较高的认知水平时，PFC的作用将变得尤为重要。我们得出的结论是，这些高度互连的解剖结构在时间处理中的贡献不固定，这不仅取决于大脑要评估的时间间隔的持续时间，还取决于认知集合，所选任务和刺激方式。

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