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首页> 外文期刊>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B. Biological Sciences >Fine-scale flight strategies of gulls in urban airflows indicate risk and reward in city living
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Fine-scale flight strategies of gulls in urban airflows indicate risk and reward in city living

机译：海鸥在城市气流中的精细飞行策略表明城市生活中的风险和回报

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摘要

Birds modulate their flight paths in relation to regional and global airflows in order to reduce their travel costs. Birds should also respond to fine-scale airflows, although the incidence and value of this remains largely unknown. We resolved the three-dimensional trajectories of gulls flying along a built-up coastline, and used computational fluid dynamic models to examine how gulls reacted to airflows around buildings. Birds systematically altered their flight trajectories with wind conditions to exploit updraughts over features as small as a row of low-rise buildings. This provides the first evidence that human activities can change patterns of space-use in flying birds by altering the profitability of the airscape. At finer scales still, gulls varied their position to select a narrow range of updraught values, rather than exploiting the strongest updraughts available, and their precise positions were consistent with a strategy to increase their velocity control in gusty conditions. Ultimately, strategies such as these could help unmanned aerial vehicles negotiate complex airflows. Overall, airflows around fine-scale features have profound implications for flight control and energy use, and consideration of this could lead to a paradigm-shift in the way ecologists view the urban environment.
机译：鸟类会根据区域和全球气流调整其飞行路径，以降低旅行成本。禽类也应该对细微的气流作出反应，尽管其发生率和价值仍然未知。我们解决了沿着堆积的海岸线飞行的海鸥的三维轨迹，并使用计算流体动力学模型检查了海鸥如何对建筑物周围的气流做出反应。鸟类在有风的条件下系统地改变了飞行轨迹，以利用对像一排低层建筑这样的小建筑物的突袭。这提供了第一个证据，即人类活动可以通过改变空中景观的获利能力来改变飞鸟的空间利用方式。在更精细的尺度上，海鸥改变位置以选择较窄的上风量值，而不是利用可用的最强上风量，并且它们的精确位置与在阵风条件下增加速度控制的策略一致。最终，诸如此类的策略可以帮助无人驾驶飞机协商复杂的气流。总体而言，围绕精细尺度特征的气流对飞行控制和能源使用具有深远的影响，考虑到这一点可能会导致生态学家对城市环境的看法发生转变。

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