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Joseph Rotblat: influences, scientific achievements and legacy

机译：约瑟夫·罗特布拉特（Joseph Rotblat）：影响力，科学成就和遗产

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摘要

Joseph Rotblat was one of the most distinguished nuclear physicists and peace campaigners of the post Second World War period. His peace activities rank alongside those of Albert Einstein and Bertrand Russell; he won the Nobel Peace Prize, jointly with the Pugwash movement, that he helped found. However, he made significant contributions to science, and in particular to the medical applications of accelerators, radiation and radio-nuclides. In this article his early work and influences in Poland are described. He then joined James Chadwick at Liverpool University and began work on the cyclotron recently constructed there. Rotblat then, together with Chadwick, joined the Manhattan Project. This experience was to shape his life. He stayed at Los Alamos for less than a year before walking out. He was suspected of being a spy. Rotblat then became Professor of Physics at St Bartholomew's Medical College and pioneered the use of a 15 MeV linear accelerator in treatment and research. He made fundamental contributions to understanding the effects of the fallout from nuclear bomb tests. He also, together with Patricia Lindop, made important contributions to understanding the biological effects of radiation.
机译：约瑟夫·罗特布拉特（Joseph Rotblat）是第二次世界大战后最杰出的核物理学家和和平运动家之一。他的和平活动与爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）和伯特兰·罗素（Bertrand Russell）的和平活动并列。他与帕格沃什（Pugwash）运动共同获得了诺贝尔和平奖，这是他帮助建立的。但是，他为科学做出了重大贡献，尤其是对加速器，辐射和放射性核素的医学应用。本文介绍了他在波兰的早期工作和影响。然后，他加入了利物浦大学的詹姆士·查德威克（James Chadwick），开始研究最近在那里建造的回旋加速器。 Rotblat然后与Chadwick一起加入了曼哈顿计划。这次经历改变了他的生活。他出去之前在洛斯阿拉莫斯（Los Alamos）呆了不到一年。他被怀疑是间谍。 Rotblat随后成为圣巴塞洛缪医学院的物理学教授，并率先在治疗和研究中使用15 MeV线性加速器。他为理解核弹试验的后果产生了根本性的贡献。他还与帕特里夏·林多普（Patricia Lindop）一起，为理解辐射的生物效应做出了重要贡献。

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