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首页> 外文期刊>Biomaterials >Understanding the biodegradation of polyurethanes: From classical implants to tissue engineering materials
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Understanding the biodegradation of polyurethanes: From classical implants to tissue engineering materials

机译：了解聚氨酯的生物降解：从经典植入物到组织工程材料

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After almost half a century of use in the health field, polyurethanes (PUs) remain one of the most popular group of biomaterials applied for medical devices. Their popularity has been sustained as a direct result of their segmented block copolymeric character, which endows them with a wide range of versatility in terms of tailoring their physical properties, blood and tissue compatibility, and more recently their biodegradation character. While they became recognized in the 1970s and 1980s as the blood contacting material of choice in a wide range of cardiovascular devices their application in long-term implants fell under scrutiny with the failure of pacemaker leads and breast implant coatings containing PUs in the late 1980s. During the next decade PUs became extensively researched for their relative sensitivity to biodegradation and the desire to further understand the biological mechanisms for in vivo biodegradation. The advent of molecular biology into mainstream biomedical engineering permitted the probing of molecular pathways leading to the biodegradation of these materials. Knowledge gained throughout the 1990s has not only yielded novel PUs that contribute to the enhancement of biostability for in vivo long-term applications, but has also been translated to form a new class of bioresorbable materials with all the versatility of PUs in terms of physical properties but now with a more integrative nature in terms of biocompatibility. The current review will briefly survey the literature, which initially identified the problem of PU degradation in vivo and the subsequent studies that have led to the field's further understanding of the biological processes mediating the breakdown. An overview of research emerging on PUs sought for use in combination (drug+ polymer) products and tissue regeneration applications will then be presented. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：经过近半个世纪的健康使用，聚氨酯（PU）仍然是最流行的用于医疗器械的生物材料之一。它们的嵌段嵌段共聚特性直接导致了它们的流行，这使它们在调整其物理性质，血液和组织相容性以及最近的生物降解特性方面具有广泛的多功能性。尽管它们在1970年代和1980年代被公认为是广泛的心血管设备中首选的血液接触材料，但由于1980年代后期起搏器导线和含PU的乳房植入物涂层的失败，它们在长期植入物中的应用受到了严格的审查。在接下来的十年中，PU因其对生物降解的相对敏感性以及对进一步了解体内生物降解的生物学机制的渴望而被广泛研究。分子生物学作为主流生物医学工程学的出现允许探索导致这些材料生物降解的分子途径。在整个1990年代获得的知识不仅产生了新型的PU，有助于增强体内长期应用的生物稳定性，而且还被转化为形成一类新型的可生物吸收的材料，就物理性质而言，它具有所有的PU用途。但现在在生物相容性方面更具整合性。本篇综述将简要调查文献，这些文献最初确定了体内PU降解的问题以及随后的研究，这些研究使该领域对介导分解的生物学过程有了进一步的了解。然后将概述寻求用于组合（药物+聚合物）产品和组织再生应用的PU的研究。 （c）2005 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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