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Macroalgae in biofuel production

机译:生物燃料生产中的大型藻类

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摘要

The conversion processes of macroalgae for biofuels can be divided into thermochemical (dry) and microbiological (wet) processes. The chemical composition of macroalgae together with the pre-treatment method, conversion conditions, and the characteristics of the microbes involved (wet processes) determine the yield and the properties of the biofuel produced. Macroalgae are often rich in carbohydrates, and therefore well suited for biogas, biobutanol and bioethanol productions. The content of triacylglycerols (TAGs) is the best indicator for the suitability of the alga for biodiesel production. TAGs have a high conversion rate to biodiesel, high percentage of fatty acids, and they lack phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen. Macroalgae can have high metal concentrations, which can have an impact on conversion processes: metals may inhibit or catalyse the processes. High sulfur (especially in green algae) and nitrogen contents are also characteristic to macroalgae, and may be problematic in the production of biogas (NH3-toxicity) and the use of the oil and biodiesel (high concentrations of H2S and NOx-compounds). Macroalgae have proven to be suitable material for conversion processes, but further optimization of the processes is needed. At present, macroalgae are not economically, or in many cases not even environmentally, sustainable material when the whole production chain is considered. In this review we summarize information on the chemical composition of macroalgae in a prospect of biofuel production, and the current situation in the field of macroalgal-based biofuel production.
机译:大型藻类用于生物燃料的转化过程可分为热化学(干法)和微生物学(湿法)过程。大型藻类的化学成分以及预处理方法,转化条件和所涉及微生物的特征(湿法)共同决定了所生产生物燃料的产量和特性。大型藻类通常富含碳水化合物,因此非常适合沼气,生物丁醇和生物乙醇的生产。三酰基甘油(TAGs)的含量是藻类是否适合生物柴油生产的最佳指标。 TAG对生物柴油的转化率高,脂肪酸百分比高,并且它们缺乏磷,硫和氮。大型藻类可能具有较高的金属浓度,这会对转化过程产生影响:金属可能会抑制或催化该过程。高硫(尤其是在绿藻中)和氮含量也是大型藻类的特征,并且可能在生产沼气(NH3毒性)以及使用石油和生物柴油(高浓度的H2S和NOx化合物)时出现问题。大型藻已被证明是适用于转化过程的材料,但是还需要进一步优化过程。目前,在考虑整个生产链时,大型藻类在经济上甚至在环境上都不是可持续的材料。在这篇综述中,我们总结了有关在生物燃料生产前景中大型藻类化学成分的信息,以及基于大型藻类生物燃料生产领域的现状。

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