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首页> 外文期刊>Physica, A. Statistical mechanics and its applications >Real processing III. The generalized statement of Helmholtz and Rayleigh and its meaning for process engineering
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Real processing III. The generalized statement of Helmholtz and Rayleigh and its meaning for process engineering

机译：实物加工三。亥姆霍兹和瑞利的广义陈述及其在过程工程中的意义

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Entropy production defines the process losses. Because it is a fundamental slate function like entropy its neglect in process engineering can cause only more effort and worse results. Because of this scientific and economic importance of the entropy production we show on the basis of the last two publications of the author Real Processing I and Real Processing II, see the literature citation, a complete and closed mathematical-physical derivation of the generalised Principle of Minimal Entropy Production on the basis of the statement of Helmholtz and Rayleigh. Therefore, we talk of Helmholtz-Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes. We introduce entropy production into balances, apply the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production and obtain in this way considerable simplifications. In an example we first derive the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production for the momentum transport in the case of stationary, Newtonian and density conserving flow and heat with this Principle a typical calculation in process engineering, the flow through a filter in a simple difference scheme with neither the non-linear convection terms nor that of the pressure. In this example, we see that the physics changes from that of general processes, reversible and irreversible, to that of only irreversible ones and therefore simplifies, becomes more accurate, transparent and economic. As a by-product it turns out that the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production may be derived directly from balances generally and special expressions of entropy production may be derived from balances. In many cases we obtain analytic representations, at least to a large extent. So we do in a treatment of the general tube flow which may be transformed on channel flow with arbitrary geometry by conformal mapping. We treat the Hagen-Poiseuille and Couette flow by the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production in the case of multiple phase flow and show that the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production is irreplaceable particularly for complicated processes. Reversible cycle processes, well known from motor processes, are generalised to irreversibility and optimised by the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production. Astonishingly, we find that well-known effects turn out to be simple consequences of the Principle of Minimal Entropy Production. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. [References: 26]
机译：熵产生定义了过程损失。因为它是像熵一样的基本功能，所以在过程工程中忽略它只会导致更多的工作和更糟糕的结果。由于熵产生的科学和经济重要性，我们在作者《真实加工》（Real Processing I）和《真实加工》（Real Processing）II的最后两个出版物的基础上进行了展示，请参见文献引用，即对广义熵原理的完整和封闭的数学-物理推导。根据Helmholtz和Rayleigh的陈述，最小熵产生。因此，我们谈论不可逆过程的亥姆霍兹热力学。我们将熵产生引入天平，应用最小熵产生原理并以此方式获得相当大的简化。在一个示例中，我们首先导出最小熵产生原理，用于在平稳，牛顿和密度守恒的流量和热量情况下动量传输，该原理是过程工程中的典型计算，通过简单差分方案通过过滤器的流量为非线性对流项和压力项都没有。在此示例中，我们看到物理从一般过程的可逆和不可逆转变为仅不可逆的物理，因此简化了，变得更加准确，透明和经济。作为副产品，事实证明，最小熵产生原理通常可以直接从余额中得出，而熵产生的特殊表达式可以从余额中得出。在许多情况下，至少在很大程度上，我们获得了解析表示。因此，我们对一般的管道流量进行了处理，可以通过保形映射将管道流量转换为任意几何形状。在多相流的情况下，我们通过最小熵产生原理来处理Hagen-Poiseuille和Couette流，并表明最小熵产生原理是不可替代的，特别是对于复杂的过程。从电动机过程中众所周知的可逆循环过程，被普遍化为不可逆性，并通过最小熵产生原理进行了优化。令人惊讶的是，我们发现众所周知的影响只是最小熵产生原理的简单结果。 （C）2000 Elsevier Science B.V.保留所有权利。 [参考：26]

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