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首页> 外文期刊>Phytochemistry >Biosynthesis of curcuminoids and gingerols in turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale): Identification of curcuminoid synthase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesterases
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Biosynthesis of curcuminoids and gingerols in turmeric (Curcuma longa) and ginger (Zingiber officinale): Identification of curcuminoid synthase and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesterases

机译：姜黄（姜黄）和姜（姜）中姜黄素和生姜醇的生物合成：姜黄素合酶和羟肉桂酰辅酶A硫酯酶的鉴定

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摘要

Members of the Zingiberaceae such as turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) accumulate at high levels in their rhizomes important pharmacologically active metabolites that appear to be derived from the phenylpropanoid pathway. In ginger, these compounds are the gingerols; in turmeric these are the curcuminoids. Despite their importance, little is known about the biosynthesis of these compounds. This investigation describes the identification of enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the production of these bioactive natural products. Assays for enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway identified the corresponding enzyme activities in protein crude extracts from leaf, shoot and rhizome tissues from ginger and turmeric. These enzymes included phenylalanine ammonia lyase, polyketide synthases, p-coumaroyl shikimate transferase, p-coumaroyl quinate transferase, caffeic acid O-methyltransferase, and caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase, which were evaluated because of their potential roles in controlling production of certain classes of gingerols and curcuminoids. All crude extracts possessed activity for all of these enzymes, with the exception of polyketide synthases. The results of polyketide synthase assays showed detectable curcuminoid synthase activity in the extracts from turmeric with the highest activity found in extracts from leaves. However, no gingerol synthase activity could be identified. This result was explained by the identification of thioesterase activities that cleaved phenylpropanoid pathway CoA esters, and which were found to be present at high levels in all tissues, especially in ginger tissues. These activities may shunt phenylpropanoid pathway intermediates away from the production of curcuminoids and gingerols, thereby potentially playing a regulatory role in the biosynthesis of these compounds.
机译：姜黄科成员，如姜黄（姜黄）和生姜（姜科植物）在其根茎中大量积累重要的药理活性代谢产物，这些代谢产物似乎源于苯丙烷途径。在生姜中，这些化合物是生姜醇。在姜黄中，这些是姜黄素。尽管它们很重要，但对这些化合物的生物合成知之甚少。这项研究描述了导致这些生物活性天然产物产生的生物合成途径中酶的鉴定。苯丙烷途径中的酶分析确定了姜和姜黄的叶，茎和根茎组织的蛋白质粗提物中的相应酶活性。这些酶包括苯丙氨酸氨裂合酶，聚酮化合物合酶，对香豆酰sh草酸酯转移酶，对香豆酰奎宁酸转移酶，咖啡酸O-甲基转移酶和咖啡酰-CoA O-甲基转移酶，由于它们在控制某些种类的生产中的潜在作用而进行了评估。姜黄素和姜黄素。除聚酮化合物合酶外，所有粗提物对所有这些酶均具有活性。聚酮化合物合酶测定的结果表明，姜黄提取物中可检测到的姜黄素合成酶活性最高，而叶提取物中的活性最高。但是，未发现姜醇合酶活性。通过鉴定硫酯酶活性可以解释该结果，该硫酯酶活性可以裂解苯丙烷途径CoA酯，并且发现该硫酯酶活性在所有组织中，特别是在姜组织中都以高水平存在。这些活性可以使苯丙类途径的中间体分流，而不产生姜黄素和姜醇，从而潜在地在这些化合物的生物合成中发挥调节作用。

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