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Satellite cells and the muscle stem cell niche

机译：卫星细胞和肌肉干细胞的生态位

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Adult skeletal muscle in mammals is a stable tissue under normal circumstances but has remarkable ability to repair after injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a highly orchestrated process involving the activation of various cellular and molecular responses. As skeletal muscle stem cells, satellite cells play an indispensible role in this process. The self-renewing proliferation of satellite cells not only maintains the stem cell population but also provides numerous myogenic cells, which proliferate, differentiate, fuse, and lead to new myofiber formation and reconstitution of a functional contractile apparatus. The complex behavior of satellite cells during skeletal muscle regeneration is tightly regulated through the dynamic interplay between intrinsic factors within satellite cells and extrinsic factors constituting the muscle stem cell niche/microenvironment. For the last half century, the advance of molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics has greatly improved our understanding of skeletal muscle biology. Here, we review some recent advances, with focuses on functions of satellite cells and their niche during the process of skeletal muscle regeneration.
机译：哺乳动物的成年骨骼肌在正常情况下是稳定的组织，但在受伤后具有显着的修复能力。骨骼肌再生是一个高度协调的过程，涉及各种细胞和分子反应的激活。作为骨骼肌干细胞，卫星细胞在此过程中起着不可或缺的作用。卫星细胞的自我更新增殖不仅维持干细胞种群，而且还提供许多成肌细胞，它们增殖，分化，融合并导致新的肌纤维形成和功能性收缩装置的重建。卫星细胞在骨骼肌再生过程中的复杂行为通过卫星细胞内的内在因素与构成肌肉干细胞小生境/微环境的外在因素之间的动态相互作用而受到严格调节。在过去的半个世纪中，分子生物学，细胞生物学和遗传学的进步极大地增进了我们对骨骼肌生物学的理解。在这里，我们回顾一些最新的进展，重点是在骨骼肌再生过程中卫星细胞及其利基的功能。

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