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Relationship between the low-latitude coronal hole area, solar wind velocity, and geomagnetic activity during solar cycles 23 and 24

机译：太阳循环23和24期间低纬度冠状孔面积，太阳风速和地磁活动的关系

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Abstract In order to statistically investigate the relationship between the low-latitude coronal holes (CHs), the solar wind speed, and the geomagnetic activity in solar cycles 23 (1996–2008) and 24 (2009–2016), we conducted a superposed epoch analysis of the variations in CH area, solar winds, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), and geomagnetic indices (AL, AU, and SYM-H) for the period from 1996 to 2016. We further divided the temporal variations of the IMF into four types and then investigated the variations in solar winds, the IMF, and the geomagnetic indices before and after the corotating interaction region (CIR) reached Earth’s magnetosphere in each case. As a result, we observed a north–south asymmetry in the CH area, which shows that the CH area was much larger in the southern hemisphere than in the northern hemisphere during solar cycles 23 and 24. In addition, the CH area for solar cycle 24 tended to appear in a wider latitude region compared with that for solar cycle 23. The maximum values of the CH area and the solar wind speed in solar cycle 24 tended to be smaller than those in solar cycle 23. The relationship between these maximum values showed a positive correlation for both solar cycles. The distribution was larger for solar cycle 23 than for solar cycle 24. The variations in solar wind speed and the geomagnetic indices (AE and SYM-H) associated with CIRs in solar cycle 24 tended to be smaller than those in solar cycle 23. We conclude that the geomagnetic activity for solar cycle 24 associated with CIRs was slightly lower compared with that for solar cycle 23. This decrease in geomagnetic activity was due to a decrease in the dawn-to-dusk solar wind electric field intensity, which is obtained as the product of the solar wind speed and the north–south component of the solar wind magnetic field.
机译：摘要为了统计研究低纬度冠状孔（CHS），太阳风速和太阳循环中的地磁活动与23（1996-2008）和24（2009-2016）之间的关系，我们进行了一份叠加的时期1996年至2016年期间CH面积，太阳风，行星磁场（IMF）和地磁指数（AL，AU和Sym-H）的变化分析。我们进一步将IMF的时间变化分开四种类型，然后调查太阳风，IMF和地磁指数在每种情况下达到地球磁层之前和之后的太阳风，IMF和地磁指数的变化。因此，我们观察到CH区的南北不对称，表明南半球在太阳循环23和24期间南半球的CH区域比北半球更大。此外，太阳循环的CH区域与太阳循环23相比，24倾向于出现在更广泛的纬度区域中。太阳循环24中的CH面积和太阳风速的最大值趋于小于太阳循环23中的宽度。这些最大值之间的关系显示太阳循环的正相关。太阳循环23的分布比太阳循环24更大。太阳风速和与太阳循环24中的CIRS相关联的地磁指数（AE和Sym-h）的变化趋于小于太阳循环23中的电流。我们得出结论，与太阳循环23相比，与CIRS相关的太阳循环24的地磁活动略低。这种地磁活动的降低是由于黎明对黄昏太阳能风电场强度下降，这是如此太阳能风速和太阳风磁场的南北部件的产物。

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