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Health and income across the life cycle and generations in Europe

机译：欧洲生命周期的健康和收入

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An age-cohort decomposition applied to panel data identifies how the mean, overall inequality and income-related inequality of self-assessed health evolve over the life cycle and differ across generations in 11 EU countries. There is a moderate and steady decline in mean health until the age of 70 or so and a steep acceleration in the rate of health deterioration beyond that age. In southern European countries and in Ireland, which have experienced the greatest changes in economic and social development, the average health of younger generations is significantly better than that of older generations. This is not observed in the northern European countries. In almost all countries, health is more dispersed among older generations indicating that Europe has experienced a reduction in overall health inequality over time. Although there is no consistent evidence that health inequality increases as a given cohort ages, this is true in the three largest countries u2013 Britain, France and Germany. In the former two countries and the Netherlands, at least for males, the income gradient in health peaks around retirement age, as has been found for the US, but this pattern is not observed in the other countries. In most European countries, unlike the US, there is no evidence that income-related health inequality is greater among younger than older generations.
机译：应用于面板数据的年龄队列分解可确定自我评估健康的均值，整体不平等和与收入相关的不平等在整个生命周期中如何演变，并在11个欧盟国家的不同代之间有所不同。直到70岁左右，平均健康状况才会出现适度而稳定的下降，超过该年龄段的健康状况恶化速度会急剧上升。在经济和社会发展变化最大的南部欧洲国家和爱尔兰，年轻一代的平均健康状况明显好于老一代。在北欧国家中没有观察到这种情况。在几乎所有国家中，健康状况在老年人中的分散程度更高，这表明欧洲的整体健康不平等现象随着时间的推移有所减少。尽管没有一致的证据表明特定年龄段的健康不平等会加剧，但在英国，法国和德国这三个最大的国家中，情况确实如此。在前两个国家和荷兰，至少在男性中，健康的收入梯度在退休年龄左右达到顶峰，正如美国所发现的那样，但在其他国家中则没有这种情况。在大多数欧洲国家中，与美国不同，没有证据表明，与收入相关的健康不平等在年轻人中比在老年人中更大。

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