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A study of the effects of inlet preswirl on the dynamic coefficients of a straight-bore honeycomb gas damper seal

机译：进气口预旋对直孔蜂窝式气体阻尼器密封件动力系数影响的研究

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In high-pressure centrifugal compressors, honeycomb seals are often used as replacements for labyrinth seals to enhance dynamic stability. A concern exists with the loss of this enhanced stability if the honeycomb cavities become clogged with debris over time. So, as a first objective, static and dynamic tests were conducted on a constant-clearance honeycomb and a constant-clearance smooth-bore seal under three inlet preswirl conditions to determine the effects of inlet preswirl. The resulting leakage flowrate and dynamic parameters, effective stiffness and damping of the seal, were measured for each seal and then compared, with the smooth-bore seal representing the honeycomb seal with completely clogged cells. The second objective was to evaluate a two-control volume theory by Kleynhans and Childs with the measured data under the influence of preswirl. Both seals have a 114.7mm bore with a radial clearance of 0.2mm from the test rotor. The honeycomb seal has a cell width of 0.79mm and cell depth of 3.2mm. The target test matrix for each preswirl setting consisted of three exit-to-inlet pressure ratios of 15%, 35%, and 50%, and three rotor speeds out to 20,200 rpm. The target inlet air pressure was 70 bar-a. Experimental results show that, for a clean honeycomb seal, preswirl has little effect on effective stiffness, Keff*, and decreases effective damping, Ceff*, by about 20% at the high inlet preswirl ratio (~0.6). However, comparing smooth and honeycomb seal results at higher inlet preswirl shows a potential reduction in Keff* by up to 68%, and a large drop and shift in positive Ceff* values, which could cause an instability in the lower frequency range. Measured leakage shows a potential increase of about 80%, regardless of test conditions. A swirl brake at the seal entrance would fix this loss in stability by significantly reducing inlet preswirl. The two-control-volume theory model by Kleynhans and Childs seems to follow the frequency-dependent experimental data well for the honeycomb seal. Theory predicts conservatively (under-predicts) for stability parameters such as k* and Ceff* and for leakage. Predictions for K and Keff may possibly be improved with better measured friction factor coefficients for each seal.
机译：在高压离心压缩机中，蜂窝密封经常被用作迷宫式密封的替代品，以增强动态稳定性。如果随着时间的流逝蜂窝腔被碎屑堵塞，则会失去这种增强的稳定性。因此，作为第一个目标，在三种入口预旋流条件下，对恒定间隙蜂窝和恒定间隙平滑孔密封进行了静态和动态测试，以确定入口预旋流的影响。测量每个密封件的泄漏流量和动态参数，有效密封件的刚度和阻尼，然后与光滑孔密封件（代表蜂窝密封件完全堵塞的蜂窝状密封件）进行比较。第二个目标是在预旋流的影响下，用测得的数据评估Kleynhans和Childs的双控制体积理论。两种密封件的内孔均为114.7mm，与测试转子的径向间隙为0.2mm。蜂窝状密封件的孔格宽度为0.79mm，孔格深度为3.2mm。每个预旋流设置的目标测试矩阵包括三个出口与入口压力比，分别为15％，35％和50％，三个转子转速最高为20,200 rpm。目标进气压力为70 bar-a。实验结果表明，对于干净的蜂窝状密封件，预涡流对有效刚度Keff *影响很小，而在高进气预涡流比（〜0.6）时，有效阻尼Ceff *却降低了约20％。但是，比较较高进气口预旋时的平滑密封效果和蜂窝密封效果，结果表明Keff *可能降低了68％，正Ceff *值也有很大的下降和变化，这可能会导致低频范围内的不稳定。不管测试条件如何，测得的泄漏都显示出约80％的电势增加。密封件入口处的涡流制动器将通过显着减少入口预旋流来弥补这种稳定性损失。 Kleynhans和Childs的双控制体积理论模型似乎很好地遵循了蜂窝密封的频率相关实验数据。理论上对诸如k *和Ceff *的稳定性参数以及泄漏进行了保守的预测（预测不足）。对于每个密封件，可以通过更好地测量摩擦系数来改善K和Keff的预测。

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    Sprowl Tony Brandon;

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  • 年度 2005
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