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Human Mars Landing Site and Impacts on Mars Surface Operations

机译：人类火星登陆点及其对火星表面运行的影响

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NASA has begun a process to identify and discuss candidate locations where humans could land, live and work on the Martian surface. These locations are referred to as Exploration Zones (EZs). Given current mission concepts, an EZ is a collection of Regions of Interest (ROIs) that are located within approximately 100 kilometers of a centralized landing site. ROIs are areas that are relevant for scientific investigation and/or development/maturation of capabilities and resources necessary for a sustainable human presence. The EZ also contains a landing site and a habitation site that will be used by multiple human crews during missions to explore and utilize the ROIs within the EZ. These candidate EZs will be used by NASA as part of a multiyear process of determining where and how humans could explore Mars. In the near term this process includes: (a) identifying locations that would maximize the potential science return from future human exploration missions, (b) identifying locations with the potential for resources required to support humans, (c) developing concepts and engineering systems needed by future human crews to conduct operations within an EZ, and (d) identifying key characteristics of the proposed candidate EZs that cannot be evaluated using existing data sets, thus helping to define precursor measurements needed in advance of human missions. Existing and future robotic spacecraft will be tasked to gather data from specific Mars surface sites within the representative EZs to support these NASA activities. The proposed paper will describe NASA's initial steps for identifying and evaluating candidate EZs and ROIs. This includes plans for the "First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars" to be held in October 2015 at which proposals for EZs and ROIs will be presented and discussed. It will also include a discussion of how these considerations are (or will be) taken into account as future robotic Mars missions are defined and developed. One or more representative EZs, drawn from similar previous studies involving Mars sites, will be used in the proposed paper to illustrate the process NASA envisions for gathering additional data from robotic precursor missions to assist in making a final selection of an EZ for human crews as well as the steps likely to occur during the buildup of a habitation site. Examples of the systems and operations likely to be used by human crews, assisted by robotic vehicles, to explore the scientific ROIs as well as developing the resource ROIs within the example EZs will be discussed.
机译：美国宇航局已经开始了一个过程，以识别和讨论人类可以在火星表面上登陆，生活和工作的候选位置。这些位置称为勘探区（EZ）。根据当前的任务概念，EZ是感兴趣区域（ROI）的集合，这些区域位于集中式着陆点约100公里内。投资回报率是与科学研究和/或人类可持续发展能力所需的能力和资源的开发/成熟有关的领域。 EZ还包含一个着陆点和一个居住点，在执行任务期间，多个工作人员将使用该点来探索和利用EZ内部的ROI。这些候选的EZ将被NASA用作确定人类在哪里以及如何探索火星的多年过程的一部分。在短期内，此过程包括：（a）确定将使未来人类探索任务的潜在科学收益最大化的位置；（b）确定具有支持人类所需资源潜力的位置；（c）开发所需的概念和工程系统由未来的人员在EZ中进行操作，以及（d）识别无法使用现有数据集评估的拟议候选EZ的关键特征，从而帮助定义在人类任务执行之前所需的前体测量。现有和未来的机器人航天器将负责从具有代表性的EZ内特定火星表面站点收集数据，以支持这些NASA活动。拟议论文将描述NASA识别和评估候选EZ和ROI的初始步骤。其中包括计划于2015年10月举行的“首次人类登陆火星表面着陆场/探索区讲习班”，届时将提出和讨论EZ和ROI的建议。它还将讨论在定义和开发未来的机器人火星任务时如何（或将要）考虑这些因素。在拟议论文中，将使用一个或多个具有代表性的EZ（取自与火星场类似的先前研究），以说明NASA设想的从机器人前体飞行任务中收集额外数据以协助最终为人类乘员选择EZ的过程。以及在居民点建设期间可能发生的步骤。将讨论在人工EZ的帮助下，人员可能会使用的系统和操作示例，以探索科学的ROI并开发资源ROI。

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