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The Development of Australian Infantry on the Western Front 1916-1918: An Imperial Model of Tactics, Training and Technology

机译：1916-1918年澳大利亚前线步兵的发展：一种战术，训练和技术的帝国典范

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摘要

The Anzac myth enshrines a popular history of Australian superiority on the battlefields of the Great War. Australian infantrymen were superior because Australia was a frontier nation whose people possessed independent initiative, resourcefulness, and moral and physical courage. These qualities were transferred straight into the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). This thesis makes a critical examination of the myth. It details how Australian infantry on the Western Front developed into a highly disciplined and professional element of the wider British Army in the period from 1916-1918. This occurred through standardised training and tactics, hard earned operational experience, and with technically enabled mastery. After Gallipoli, Australia was a relative latecomer to Europe, and arrived in mid-1916. The force experienced comparable losses to the British Army on the Somme, becoming a benefactor of the British learning process. Contrary to the Anzac myth, the five Australian divisions on the Western Front only realised their potential in 1918 when they were amalgamated into a corps. In this thesis, Chapter 1 provides a historiography of the Australian infantry's experience on the Western Front in comparison to a similar sized formation, the Canadian Corps. The Canadians are also used as a comparison in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 highlights how all British and Dominion infantrymen undertook standardised basic training after 1916. Chapter 3 shows how Australian infantry benefitted from tactical developments in the British Army after the Somme experience. Chapter 4 details how this was consolidated by robust reinforcement, and by a specialist training system of Army Schools. Chapter 5 shows the Australian use of platoon level weapons systems in line with the British Army. Chapter 6 highlights the reality of the qualities of the individual Australian soldier and exposes the Anzac myth. Chapter 7 indicates how Australian leadership provided a top down impetus for the development of Australian infantry. Finally, Chapter 8 presents the apogee of Australian battlefield effectiveness in 1918 with the infantry coming under Monash as a homogenous corps. The conclusion ties these threads together by indicating how Australian development occurred in conjunction with remarkable British activity in the last year of the war.
机译：安扎克神话在大战的战场上载入了澳大利亚优越的历史。澳大利亚步兵之所以优越，是因为澳大利亚是一个边境国家，其人民拥有独立的主动权，机智，道德和身体勇气。这些特质直接转移到了澳大利亚帝国力量（AIF）中。本论文对神话进行了批判性的考察。它详细介绍了西线的澳大利亚步兵如何在1916-1918年间发展成为更广泛的英国军队的一支纪律严明且专业的部队。这是通过标准化的培训和战术，来之不易的操作经验以及精通技术的方式实现的。继加里波利（Gallipoli）之后，澳大利亚是欧洲相对较晚的国家，并于1916年中期到达欧洲。该部队在索姆河上遭受的损失与英军相当，成为英国学习过程的恩人。与安扎克神话相反，西线的五个澳大利亚师在1918年合并为一支军团时才意识到自己的潜力。在本论文中，第1章提供了与类似规模的编队加拿大军团相比，澳大利亚步兵在西线的经历的历史记录。在随后的章节中，还将加拿大人用作比较对象。第2章重点介绍了1916年之后所有英国步兵和Dominion步兵如何进行标准化基础训练。第3章说明了索姆的经历后，澳大利亚步兵如何从英军的战术发展中受益。第4章详细介绍了如何通过强大的强化和陆军学校的专业培训系统来巩固这一点。第5章显示了澳大利亚根据英国陆军使用的排级武器系统。第6章强调了澳大利亚士兵个人素质的现实，并揭示了安扎克神话。第7章指出澳大利亚领导层如何为澳大利亚步兵的发展提供自上而下的动力。最后，第8章介绍了1918年澳大利亚战场效能的最高点，步兵隶属于莫纳什（Monash），属于同质军团。该结论通过指出澳大利亚的发展是如何发生的，以及在战争的最后一年中英国的杰出活动而将这些线索联系在一起。

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