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On the Fresh-Water Microfauna of the Antarctic Region. II. Stabilityof Faunistic Composition of Antarctic Microorganisms

机译：论南极地区淡水微型动物群。 II。南极微生物的动物组成稳定性

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The colonization of Antarctica by microorganisms has been analyzed during 1963-1966 by four ways of approach-faunological, sociological, biogeographical, and experimental-using material mainly from Langhovde, Syowa Station, McMurdo Sound, and the Ongul Islands. The first three of these overlap to some extent, and the experimental approach may also provide some clues to this problem. Representative genera of the strictly Antarctic microfauna are : Actinopoda : Actinophris. Rhizopoda : Amoeba, Chaos, Astramoeba, Euglypha, Corythion, Thecamoeba, Trinema, Microcorycia, Cryptodifflugia, Centropyxis, Difflugia, Arcella, Diplochlamis, Leptochlamys, Assulina, Vahlkampfia, Cochliopodiun, Microgromia, Tracheleuglypha, Hyalosphenia, etc. Ciliata : Colpoda, Homalogastra, Cyclidium, Trichopelma, Spathidium, Dileptus, Paradileptus, Opistotricha?, Holotricha, Pauroleptus, Pyxidium?, Vorticella?, Blepharisma, Nassula, Frontonia, Halteria, Strombilidium, etc. Rotatoria : Habrotrocha, Mniobia, Adineta, Rotaria, Pleuretra, Philodina, Macrotrachela, Encentrum, Lepadella, Lecane, Monostyla, etc. Gastrotricha : Lepidoderma, Chaetonotus. Tardigrada : Hypsibius, Diphascon, Echiniscus, Paraechiniscus, Milnesium, Macrobiotus, Isohypsibius, pseudechiniscus, etc. Without exception, these genera are regarded as "cosmopolitan" in distribution, frequently and abundantly encountered in both the xerophilous and hygrophilous biotopes of the regions of temperate climate, including Japan. And the occurrence-correlation of the above genera belongs to SUDZUKIu27s types 1-3. One characteristic of the Antarctic community is found in the density of individuals rather than in the numbers of genera involved-in this respect, the Antarctic community is quite similar to the Himalayan one occurring at altitudes above 5200m. The experiment in which 0.094ml of capillary moss-water from Tokyo was dropped into Antarctic Bryosystem and Chalikosystem revealed the following : 1) At least three types of species can be distinguished ecologically : a) easily adaptable; b) fairly adaptable; and c) slightly adaptable to the Antarctic condition. 2) To a) belong the majority of xerophilous, to b) hygrophilous and to c) some hydrophilous species. Now, we have arrived at a preliminary conclusion that Antarctic microfauna is relatively constant in composition, for all the transported species are, judging from our laboratory experiment, not always adapted to life in the Antarctic, and that only xerophilous and hygrophilous microorganisms can live in the Antarctic at present. Perhaps, some hydrophilous species found in the Antarctic today must have reached there in very recent times and have been adapting themselves to the Bryosystem of this region.
机译：在1963年至1966年期间，已经通过主要来自Langhovde，Syowa站，McMurdo Sound和Ongul群岛的四种方法-动物学，社会学，生物地理学和实验使用材料对南极洲的微生物定殖进行了分析。这些方法中的前三个在一定程度上有重叠，并且实验方法也可能为该问题提供一些线索。严格的南极微动物的代表性属是：放线菌：放线菌。根瘤菌：变形虫，混沌，阿斯特拉姆巴，桉树，蝎形虫，茶树虫，特里纳马，微毛虫，隐孢子虫，中心线虫，溢流，阿塞拉，双翅目，线虫，Assulina，Vahlkampfia，角膜结节，小儿ch虫，小儿麻痹症，小儿gro虫科。 Cyclidium，Trichopelma，Spathidium，Dileptus，Paradileptus，Opistotricha ?、 Holotricha，Pauroleptus，Pyxidium ?、 Vorticella ?、 Blepharisma，Nassula，Frontonia，Halteria，Strombilidium等。 ，中枢，小球藻，Lecane，Monostyla等。胃病：鳞皮病，Chaetonotus。 Tardigrada：Hypsibius，Diphascon，Echiniscus，Paraechiniscus，Milnesium，Macrobiotus，Isohypsibius，pseudechiniscus等。无一例外，这些属在分布上被视为“世界大都会”，在温带地区的干性和湿性生物群落中经常且大量地遇到。气候，包括日本。上述属的发生关联属于SUDZUKI u27s类型1-3。南极群落的一个特征是在个体密度上而不是在属的数量上。在这方面，南极群落与喜马拉雅山非常相似，发生在5200m以上的高度。将来自东京的0.094ml毛苔藓水滴入南极Bryosystem和Chalikosystem的实验表明：1）在生态上至少可以区分三种物种：a）易于适应； b）适应性强； c）稍微适应南极条件。 2）到a）大部分是干性的，到b）吸湿的并且到c）一些亲水的物种。现在，我们已经得出一个初步结论，即南极微动物的组成相对恒定，因为根据我们的实验室实验，所有运输的物种都不总是适应南极的生活，并且只有嗜湿性和嗜湿性微生物可以生活在南极。目前是南极。也许，今天在南极发现的一些亲水性物种一定是最近才到达那里的，并且已经在适应该地区的苔藓系统。

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