This paper examines how rapid transformation of the food supply chain and continued state reform of food regulation is shaping the relationship between the State and private food processing industry and affecting food safety control systems. My findings reveal that the Chinese State is not relinquishing control of the food supply chain for the benefit of self-regulation of food production companies. On the contrary, the State appears to be tightening its grip on the course of national industry development through direct and indirect interference in the food supply chain, and an intensification of legislative and regulatory control, in order to secure national food supply and increase food safety and quality. Through an analysis of a production level perception of development of the State's influence versus self-regulation in a two-step exploratory research, I reason that, in contrast to the ambiguity portrayed in the literature, food processors are not confused about the State's strategy, the division of responsibilities or the role of industry associations. Furthermore, I observe that both consumers and processors recognise that, in China's current phase of development, strict state control is probably the best way forward. Finally, based on analysis of the current stakeholders' perceptions of risks and responsibilities in the rapidly transforming food supply chain in China, I raise doubts about the application of Beck's theory of 'risk society' to China.
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