prevention

摘要： Across the world,there has been a rise in patients with diabetes,and the majority of them have type 2 diabetes.Management of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its severe complications are causing a massive burden on resource-poor countries.There is a need to find a solution,and yoga seems to be a cost-effective method to deal with this problem.In this review,we aim to find out various evidence related to the effect of yoga on patients with type 2 DM,its role in prevention and implementation.

摘要： 临床问题哪种个人防护设备(Personal Protective Equipment,PPE)、哪种穿脱方法能最有效地降低医护人员污染或感染风险?哪种培训方式能最大地提升医护人员的PPE依从性?证据来源2020年发表于Cochrane Library的一篇系统评价“Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to exposure to contaminated body fluids in healthcare staff”及2015年发表于JBI Database的一篇系统评价“Glove utilization in the prevention of cross transmission:a systematic review”。

摘要： BACKGROUND Evaluation of the effectiveness of melatonin is necessary to prevent the development of delirium in hospitalized patients.Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is a hormone produced by the pineal gland of the brain from the amino acid tryptophan.Synthetic melatonin supplements have been used for various medical conditions,especially sleep-related diseases,and have proved to be successful.AIM To determine the effect of melatonin on the prevention of delirium in hospitalized patients.METHODS A literature search of the CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP Database,China Biomedical Literature Database,PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,and other databases was conducted.The CNKI,Wanfang Database,VIP Database(VIP),and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched for Chinese studies,and PubMed,Embase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science and other databases were searched for international studies.It will be established in June 2021 in a randomized controlled trial(RCT)whether melatonin treatment for 6 mo prevents delirium in hospitalized patients.Literature screening,quality review,and data extraction were carried out using the Cochrane Manual 5.1.0 systematic evaluation method, and Stata 15.0 software and Review Manager 5.3 were used formeta-analysis and processing.RESULTSA total of 18 new RCT articles and 18 experimental subjects were identified. The results of themeta-analysis showed that following the occurrence of delirium, melatonin reduced the incidenceof delirium in patients (RR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.60-0.80), which is of significance, but heterogeneitywas significant I2 = 62%. Subgroup analysis was performed to examine the source of heterogeneity,and it was found that different patient types were the source of heterogeneity;the research onsubgroup analysis was of high quality and homogeneous. To determine the reliability androbustness of the research results, a sensitivity analysis was carried out. The results showed thatafter excluding individual studies one by one, the effect size was still within 95%CI, whichstrengthened the reliability of the original meta-analysis results. Melatonin has a significantpreventive effect on delirium in hospitalized medical patients [RR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.47-0.76), P <0.001].CONCLUSIONMelatonin can reduce the rate of delirium in medical patients, and the role of melatonin inreducing the incidence of delirium in surgical patients and critical care unit patients requiresfurther study.

摘要： Dear Researchers,Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research(JCNR)is an international,peer reviewed and open access journal that seeks to promote the development and exchange of knowledge which is directly relevant to all clinical and nursing research and practice.Articles which explore the meaning,prevention,treatment,outcome and impact of a high standard clinical and nursing practice and discipline are encouraged to be submitted as original article,review,case report,short communication and letters.

摘要： Intervertebral disc(IVD) degeneration(IVDD) is the main cause of low back pain with major social and economic burdens;however, its underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we show that the focal adhesion protein Kindlin-2 is highly expressed in the nucleus pulposus(NP), but not in the anulus fibrosus and the cartilaginous endplates, in the IVD tissues. Expression of Kindlin-2 is drastically decreased in NP cells in aged mice and severe IVDD patients. Inducible deletion of Kindlin-2 in NP cells in adult mice causes spontaneous and striking IVDD-like phenotypes in lumbar IVDs and largely accelerates progression of coccygeal IVDD in the presence of abnormal mechanical stress. Kindlin-2 loss activates Nlrp3 inflammasome and stimulates expression of IL-1β in NP cells, which in turn downregulates Kindlin-2. This vicious cycle promotes extracellular matrix(ECM) catabolism and NP cell apoptosis. Furthermore, abnormal mechanical stress reduces expression of Kindlin-2, which exacerbates Nlrp3 inflammasome activation, cell apoptosis, and ECM catabolism in NP cells caused by Kindlin-2 deficiency. In vivo blocking Nlrp3 inflammasome activation prevents IVDD progression induced by Kindlin-2 loss and abnormal mechanical stress. Of translational significance, adeno-associated virus-mediated overexpression of Kindlin-2 inhibits ECM catabolism and cell apoptosis in primary human NP cells in vitro and alleviates coccygeal IVDD progression caused by mechanical stress in rat. Collectively, we establish critical roles of Kindlin-2 in inhibiting Nlrp3 inflammasome activation and maintaining integrity of the IVD homeostasis and define a novel target for the prevention and treatment of IVDD.

摘要： Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research(JCNR)is an international,peer reviewed and open access journal that seeks to promote the development and exchange of knowledge which is directly relevant to all clinical and nursing research and practice.Articles which explore the meaning,prevention,treatment,outcome and impact of a high standard clinical and nursing practice and discipline are encouraged to be submitted as original article,review,case report,short communication and letters.

摘要： Introduction: Since the deployment of preventive measures against malaria in pregnant women in Congo, the coverage rates in Intermittent Preventive Treatment for malaria in pregnancy using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) and Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets (LLINs) remain low compared to the objectives set by WHO. This study aimed to analyze the knowledge and practices of pregnant women in the prevention of malaria in Brazzaville. Population and Method: This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted from September 15th to October 30th, 2021. The sample consisted of pregnant women who performed at least three antenatal care consultations one month apart each;obtained from a two-stage random sample. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed with Epi-Info version 7.2.6 software. The odds-ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the associations between the variables. Results: A total of 331 pregnant women were selected. The mean age was 27 years (22;31). Most women were single (82.8%), multiparous (63.4%) and 74.9% had secondary level education. The level of knowledge was insufficient in 53.8% of respondents;nearly 64.7% had good preventive practices. Pregnant women with no education are 8 times more likely to have insufficient knowledge of malaria prevention (OR = 8.33 [2.02 - 34.17];p = 0.0036). Also, those whose gestational age is between 22 - 27 weeks are 2.54 times more likely to have insufficient knowledge than those with gestational age of 36 weeks and above (OR = 2.54 [1.33 - 4.46], p = 0.0071). Conclusion: It is important to strengthen the awareness in order to bring pregnant women to improve their knowledge of malaria prevention and change their behavior.

摘要： Pressure ulcers (PU) are one of the most common hospital-acquired problems that occur in patients with mobility limitations. Such wounds can produce pain and deterioration of the underlying condition. Sometimes, they can be life-threatening, and their treatment can impose a financial burden on both the patient’s family and society. Nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice are the most important weapons to fight this preventable burden of PU among patients with impaired mobility. The purpose of this study was to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PU prevention and treatment at Clinique Prince Louis Rwagasore (CPLR) in Bujumbura, Burundi. A cross-sectional study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to invite all 28 qualified nurses and nurses’ aids who work in the services where critically ill patients are admitted to participate. A questionnaire was created, and underwent evaluation of face validity before using it to collect data which was analysed using SPSS 21.0. Results revealed that nurses’ knowledge and practice scores were low as participants scored less than 50% on the six knowledge items and the six practice items. However, the attitude scores were greater than 65% on the five items used to evaluate attitude. A strong negative correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and their attitude scores (r = ?0.479, p = 0.015). Education level was negatively associated with nurses’ knowledge and practice scores of PU prevention and treatment. A high attitude score did not correlate with a higher practice score which might be explained by low knowledge scores (less than 50% on knowledge items). Continuous professional development (CPD) was recommended to improve nurses’ knowledge scores and implementation of PU preventive practices at CPLR.

摘要： Since the start of this year,as the impact of the increasingly grim and complex international environment and greater shock of the COVID-19 pandemic at home exceeded expectation,new downward pressure on the economy continued to grow.The support from basic industries was strong,the investment continued to scale up,the market prices were generally stable,people’s well-being was robustly and effectively guaranteed,the new driving forces continued to grow,and the overall economic and social development was stable.As the effective coordination of both the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development delivered effects,the national economy is expected to stabilize and recover.

摘要： The high burden of kidney disease,global disparities in kidney care,and poor outcomes of kidney failure bring a concomitant growing burden to persons affected,their families,and carers,and the community at large.Health literacy is the degree to which persons and organizations have or equitably enable individuals to have the ability to find,understand,and use information and services to make informed health⁃related decisions and actions for themselves and others.Rather than viewing health literacy as a patient deficit,improving health literacy largely rests with health care providers communicating and educating effectively in codesigned partnership with those with kidney disease.For kidney policy makers,health literacy provides the imperative to shift organizations to a culture that places the person at the center of health care.The growing capability of and access to technology provides new opportunities to enhance education and awareness of kidney disease for all stakeholders.Advances in telecommunication,including social media platforms,can be leveraged to enhance persons’and providers’education;The World Kidney Day declares 2022 as the year of“Kidney Health for All”to promote global teamwork in advancing strategies in bridging the gap in kidney health education and literacy.Kidney organizations should work toward shifting the patient⁃deficit health literacy narrative to that of being the responsibility of health care providers and health policy makers.By engaging in and supporting kidney health-centered policy making,community health planning,and health literacy approaches for all,the kidney communities strive to prevent kidney diseases and enable living well with kidney disease.

摘要： Commencing from the age of 35 years，bone loss is accelerated after the menopause due toleek of secretion of estrogens. This hone loss is secondary to an increase in bone turnoverwith bone resorption being more increased than bone formation. Within the space of a few years，postmenopausal women may be affected by osteopenia and progressively by osteopomsis and their clinical consequences. Strontium ranelate is answ drug with a unique made of action，both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resotpaon，which rebalancesbone turnover in favor of formation.

摘要： Commencing from the age of 35 years，bone loss is accelerated after the menopause due toleek of secretion of estrogens. This hone loss is secondary to an increase in bone turnoverwith bone resorption being more increased than bone formation. Within the space of a few years，postmenopausal women may be affected by osteopenia and progressively by osteopomsis and their clinical consequences. Strontium ranelate is answ drug with a unique made of action，both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resotpaon，which rebalancesbone turnover in favor of formation.

摘要： Commencing from the age of 35 years，bone loss is accelerated after the menopause due toleek of secretion of estrogens. This hone loss is secondary to an increase in bone turnoverwith bone resorption being more increased than bone formation. Within the space of a few years，postmenopausal women may be affected by osteopenia and progressively by osteopomsis and their clinical consequences. Strontium ranelate is answ drug with a unique made of action，both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resotpaon，which rebalancesbone turnover in favor of formation.

摘要： Commencing from the age of 35 years，bone loss is accelerated after the menopause due toleek of secretion of estrogens. This hone loss is secondary to an increase in bone turnoverwith bone resorption being more increased than bone formation. Within the space of a few years，postmenopausal women may be affected by osteopenia and progressively by osteopomsis and their clinical consequences. Strontium ranelate is answ drug with a unique made of action，both increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resotpaon，which rebalancesbone turnover in favor of formation.