支气管高反应性

摘要： 目的探讨体重对成人哮喘患者肺通气功能与气道反应性的影响,了解大体重哮喘患者的肺功能特点。方法收集初诊哮喘患者620例,按BMI分为正常体重组(A组,BMI≤23.9 kg/m^(2))、超重组(B组,23.9 kg/m^(2)27.9 kg/m^(2)),各组再分为男、女亚组。对比不同组别及其亚组间肺通气功能及气道激发试验指标的差异,并分析BMI、性别与肺通气功能及气道激发试验指标的相关性。结果A、B及C组小气道功能障碍发生率分别为0.00%(0例)、0.72%(2例)和56.10%(69例)。B、C组FEF75%A组(P男性(PA组,Grs cont男性,A、B及C组各亚组Grs cont、SGrs女性<男性(P<0.05)。男性BMI与Rrs cont呈正相关,与Grs cont呈负相关,女性BMI与PEF、Rrs cont呈正相关,与Grs cont、Dmin、SGrs呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论BMI升高可增加哮喘患者小气道功能障碍发生率及基础气道阻力,且对女性小气道功能、气道敏感性及气道阻力的影响更明显。

摘要： 目的 探讨哮喘大鼠支气管对组胺的高反应性与气道重塑的相关性.方法 将20只清洁级幼龄大鼠随机分为对照组和哮喘组,哮喘组大鼠进行哮喘模型制备.两组大鼠行支气管激发试验(组胺和乙酰胆碱)记录PC20-Hist和PC20-Ach,并行肺功能检查和支气管组织切片苏木素-伊红(HE)染色测量气道平滑肌(ASM)的厚度和网状基底膜(RBM)的厚度.观察并比较两组的支气管组织病理形态学、气道平滑肌(ASM)和网状基底膜增厚(RBM)厚度,分析哮喘与肺功能和气道重塑指标的相关性.结果 哮喘组肺功能指标第1秒用力肺活量(FEV1)、呼气流量峰值(PEF)和最大呼气中期流量(MMEF)均显著低于对照组(P0.05);且ASM厚度与PC20-Hist呈显著负相关(P<0.05).结论 哮喘大鼠有显著气道重塑现象,表现为ASM和RBM的增厚;气道重塑与支气管对组胺的高反应性显著相关.

摘要： 目的 探讨支气管激发试验(BPT)在儿童哮喘管理中的应用价值.方法 选择2018年5月至2019年10月,河北省儿童医院门诊就诊的临床缓解期,并达到良好控制水平至少1年的39例哮喘患儿为研究对象.根据患儿小气道功能,将其分为研究组(n=11,小气道功能下降)及对照组(n=28,小气道功能正常).回顾性分析2组患儿的临床病例资料,包括肺功能、Astograph法醋甲胆碱BPT结果、BPT后6个月随访期内不同情况下哮喘控制情况.采用独立样本t检验及Fisher确切概率法,对2组患儿BPT阳性率及基础气道阻力,以及不同情况下患儿哮喘控制情况进行统计学分析.本研究经河北省儿童医院医学伦理委员会批准(审批文号:医研伦审第120号),入组时,征得患儿及其监护人知情同意.结果 ①2组患儿BPT阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组患儿基础气道阻力为(6.21±1.69)cmH2 O/(L·s)(1 cmH2 O=0.098 kPa),显著高于对照组患儿的(4.97±1.42)cmH2 O/(L·s),并且差异有统计学意义(t=2.324、P=0.026).②28例BPT呈阳性患儿中,停药患儿哮喘复发率为64.3％(9/14),显著高于采取原方案继续治疗患儿的21.4％(3/14),并且差异有统计学意义(P=0.027);停药治疗的BPT呈阳性患儿哮喘复发率(64.3％,9/14),显著高于停药治疗BPT呈阴性患儿的9.1％(1/11),并且差异有统计学意义(P=0.007).结论 对于临床缓解期、达到良好控制水平的哮喘患儿,在监测肺功能的同时,建议监测其气道反应性.对于BPT呈阳性者,建议暂缓药物降级或者停药,以便更好控制其哮喘发作.

摘要： Objective By exploring the characteristics of pulmonary ventilation function and airway reactivity in patients with cough variant asthma (CVA),to enhance the cognition of CVA by clinicians.Methods We collected 132 patients who were first diagnosed with asthma in the department of respiratory and critical diseases of the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January to November 2017.They were divided into CVA group and typical asthma group according to symptoms,and the former was further divided into extreme mild group,mild group and moderate group based on the methacholine provocative dose causing a 20％ fall in FEV1 (PD20-FEV1).Then we compared the differences in respiratory velocity in the CVA group,asthma group and each subgroup of the CVA group,and the correlation of age,body mass index (BMI),respiratory velocity and airway stimulation test was also analyzed.Results The incidence rate of small airway dysfunction in the CVA group and the asthma group was 30.9％ (21 cases) and 26.6％ (17 cases),respectively.There was no significant difference between these groups (x2 =0.3,P ＞0.05).FEV1/FVC,forced expiratory flow at 25 ％-75 ％ (FEF25％ 7s％),forced expiratory flow at 25 ％ (FEF25％),forced expiratory flow at 50％ (FEF50％) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) in CVA group were higher than those in asthma group,with statistically significant differences (t =2.239,2.374,3.785,3.088,2.261,all P ＜0.05).The overall differences of FEV1/FVC,FEF25％-75％ and FEF75％ between the extremely mild group,the mild and moderate groups of CVA were statistically significant (F =7.586,7.403,7.646,all P ＜ 0.05).FEF50％ and FEF25％ in the extremely mild group were greater than the moderate group (t =3.13,2.25,all P ＜0.05),and FEF25％ in the mild group was higher than the moderate group (t =2.10,P ＜ 0.05).The cumulative dose of methacholine until the resistance of respiratory system began to increase (Dmin) and PD20-FEV1 were positively correlated with FEV1/FVC.The conductance of respiratory system at control and the declining slop of the Grs were negatively correlated with BMI.Conclusions Small airway dysfunction can also occur in CVA,but its large and small airway lesions are lighter than typical asthma.The higher the airway reactivity,the worse the index of expiratory flow.Obesity may increase airway sensitivity and reactivity in CVA patients.%目的 探讨咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)患者肺通气功能的特点及其与气道反应性的关系,增强临床医师对CVA的认识.方法 收集2017年1月至11月山西医科大学第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科门诊初诊的哮喘患者132例.根据症状将其分为CVA组与典型哮喘组,又将CVA组根据使第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)较基线下降20％时累积吸入激发剂的剂量(PD20-FEV1)分为不同气道反应性亚组,比较CVA组与哮喘组以及CVA各亚组呼气流速指标的差异,并分析年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、呼吸流速指标与气道激发试验各指标的相关性.结果 CVA组与哮喘组小气道功能障碍发生率分别为30.9％(21例)和26.6％(17例),2组差异无统计学意义(x2=0.3,P＞0.05);CVA组FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中期流量(FEF25％-75％)、用力呼出25％肺活量时的瞬间呼气流量(FEF25％)、用力呼出50％肺活量时的瞬间呼气流量(FEF50％)及呼吸峰值流量(PEF)均高于哮喘组,差异有统计学意义(t=2.239、2.374、3.785、3.088、2.261,P值均＜0.05).CVA极轻度组FEV1/FVC、FEF25％-75％及FEF75％与轻度组及中度组比较总体差异有统计学意义(F =7.586、7.403、7.646,P值均＜0.05);极轻度组FEF50％及FEF25％高于中度组(t=3.13、2.25,P值均＜0.05),轻度组FEF25％高于中度组(t=2.10,P＜0.05).反应阈值、PD20-FEV1与FEV1/FVC呈正相关;初始气传导率、传导率下降斜率与BMI呈负相关.结论 CVA也可发生小气道功能障碍,但其大、小气道病变程度均较典型哮喘轻.CVA患者气道反应性越高,呼气流速指标越差.肥胖可增加CVA患者气道敏感性与气道反应性.

摘要： 目的 建立嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎小鼠模型,探讨嗜酸粒细胞激活对气道反应性的影响.方法 无特定病原体级雌性BALB/c小鼠60只,按随机数字表法分为多黏菌素B组、生理盐水组、多黏菌素B+N-甲酰一蛋氨酸-亮氨酸一苯丙氨酸(fMLP)组、生理盐水+fMLP组.各组小鼠给予对应的点鼻液点鼻,共21 d.其中多黏菌素B组和生理盐水组分别以12μl的0.5％多黏菌素B和等量生理盐水点鼻,1次/d;多黏菌素B+ fMLP组、生理盐水+fMLP组除以上对应处理外,分别于第21天点鼻后3h再予10μl fMLP(0.05 mg/ml,溶于乙酸中)点鼻1次.末次点鼻后24h内搜集4组小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)进行细胞分类计数.多黏菌素B组、生理盐水组均于末次点鼻后3h测定小鼠对乙酰甲胆碱(Ach)的气道反应性(吸气阻力、呼气阻力和肺顺应性);多黏菌素B+fMLP组、生理盐水+ fMLP组均于末次点鼻后24 h测定气道反应性.酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定血清、BALF、肺组织匀浆中嗜酸粒细胞过氧化物酶(EPX)、嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白(ECP)、嗜酸粒细胞趋化因子(ECF)水平.肺组织HE染色、变色酸2R染色观察气道周围炎症细胞浸润程度,并在电镜下观察低密度嗜酸粒细胞形态.结果 多黏菌素B组BALF细胞总数显著高于生理盐水组[29.50(3.25)×104/ml比15.25(2.25)×104/ml,P＜0.001],以嗜酸粒细胞最明显[11.76(6.02)×104/ml比0.12(1.08)×104/ml,P＜0.001];两组小鼠吸气阻力、呼气阻力和肺顺应性差异均无统计学意义.随着注射Ach浓度的逐渐升高,多黏菌素B+fMLP组吸气阻力、呼气阻力均显著高于其他3组,肺顺应性均显著低于其他3组,血清、BALF、肺组织中EPX、ECP、ECF水平均显著高于其他3组(均P＜0.001).多黏菌素B、多黏菌素B+fMLP组肺组织气道周围嗜酸粒细胞明显增多;多黏菌素B组偶见脱颗粒后形成的空泡而成为低密度嗜酸粒细胞,多黏菌素B+ fMLP组见较多激活的低密度嗜酸粒细胞.结论 应用多黏菌素B点鼻可建立嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎小鼠模型;嗜酸粒细胞激活对气道高反应性的发生有重要作用.%Objective To develop a mouse model of eosinophilic bronchitis,and explore the effects of eosinophil activation on airway hyperresponsiveness.Methods A total of 60 female specific pathogen free BALB/c female mice were divided randomly into four groups:polymyxin B group,normal saline group,polymyxin B + N-methionine leucine phenylalanine (fMLP) group,normal saline + fMLP group.All the groups were given corresponding nasal drops for 21 days.The former two groups were given 12 μl 0.5％ polymyxin B or normal saline once a day by transnasal administration respectively.Besides the above,the latter two groups were given 10 μl fMLP (0.05 mg/ml,dissolved in acetic acid) once by transnasal administration 3 hours after polymyxin B or normal saline administration on the 21st day.Within 24 hours after the last transnasal administration,cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected and analyzed by absolute different cell counts.Airway responsiveness (inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance) to acetyl choline (Ach) were measured 3 hours after the last transnasal administration in the former two groups and 24 hours after the last transnasal administration in the latter two groups.Eosinophil peroxidase (EPX),eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) levels in serum,BALF and lung tissue were tested by emzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).HE and Chromotrope 2R staining of lung tissue were used to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells.The morphology of low-density eosinophils was observed under electron microscope.Results The total cell counts of BALF in polymyxin B group were significantly higher than the normal saline group [29.50 (3.25) x 104/ml vs 15.25 (2.25) × 104/ml,P ＜ 0.001],especially eosinophil counts [11.76 (6.02) × 104/ml vs 0.12 (1.08) x 104/ml,P ＜0.001].However,no significant differences of inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance existed in the two groups.Inspiratory and expiratory airway resistance in polymyxin B + fMLP group were significantly higher,lung compliance significantly lower than those in the other three groups (all P ＜0.001),and the EPX,ECP,ECF levels in serum,BALF and lung tissue of the polymyxin B + fMLP group were significantly higher than the other three groups (all P ＜ 0.001).There were more inflammatory cells,especially eosinophils in lung tissue of polymyxin B and polymyxin B + fMLP group.Meanwhile,more activated eosinophils in polymyxin B + fMLP group were observed by electron microscopy.Conclusion A mouse model of eosinophilic bronchitis can be successfully developed by transnasal administration of polymyxin B,and the eosinophil activation plays an important role in the occurrence of airway hyperresponsiveness.

摘要： Objective To investigated the therapeutic effects of Tubastatin A Hcl,a selective HDAC6 inhibitor,on airway inflammation in acute mice bronchial asthma (asthma) model.Methods A total of 48 BALB/C mice were randomly divided into control group,asthma group,dexamethasone group and Tubastatin A Hcl group with 12 mice in each group.Then the airway hyperresponsiveness was assessed in each group;total cell number,different cell number,levels of Interleukin (IL)-4,IL-5 and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected;the lung tissues of each group were stained with HE to observe the inflammatory cells infiltration.AB-PAS was used to observe the goblet cell metaplasia in tracheal epithelium.Masson staining was used to observe the collagen deposition in lung tissue.Results The airway reactivity in Tubastatin A Hcl group was significantly lower than that in asthma group [(4.18 ±0.94) vs (6.02 ±0.47),P ＜0.05];in the Tubastatin A Hcl group,the total inflammatory cells [(57.0 ±5.7) × 104/ml vs (87.0 ±5.6) × 104/ml],eosinophil cells [(6.8 ± 1.7) × 104/mlvs (12.3 ±3.5) ×104/ml] andlevels ofIL-4 [(19.3 ±2.7) vs (26.2±3.2)ng/ml] in BALF were obviously lower than those of asthma group (all P ＜ 0.05);IL-5 in Tubastatin A Hcl group was lower and IFN-γ was higher than that of asthma group,while there were no significant differences (both P ＞ 0.05).The degree of inflammatory cells infiltrations around the airway and vascular,number of inflammatory cells [(9.80 ± 2.42) vs (20.67 ± 7.53)],score of inflammation [(2.20 ± 0.70) vs (3.60 ± 0.68) points,],and percentage of goblet cell metaplasia [(50.46 ± 5.03) ％ vs (71.06 ± 5.38) ％] in the lung tissue of Tubastatin A Hcl group were lower than that of asthma group (all P ＜ 0.05).Although collagen deposition in the lung tissue of Tubastatin A Hcl group was lower than asthma group,there were no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).However,all of the above results in the dexamethasone group were slighdy better than Tubastatin A Hcl group,which had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Tubastatin A Hcl can effectively alleviate the level of airway inflammation in acute asthma,but its anti-inflammatory effect is limited,which is not as significant as dexamethasone.%目的 探讨组蛋白脱乙酰基酶6(HDAC6)抑制剂Tubastatin A Hcl对急性支气管哮喘(简称哮喘)小鼠气管炎症的干预作用.方法 48只BALB/C小鼠按随机数字表法随机分为正常组、哮喘组、地塞米松组和Tubastatin A Hcl组各12只.测定各组小鼠气管反应性,计数其支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中细胞总数和分类细胞数以及白细胞介素(IL)-4、IL-5和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)水平.取各组小鼠肺组织分别通过HE染色观察气管炎症浸润、AB-PAS染色观察气管上皮杯状细胞化生、Masson染色观察肺组织胶原沉积情况.结果 Tubastatin A Hcl组气管反应性显著低于哮喘组[(4.18±0.94)比(6.02±0.47),P＜0.05];Tubastatin A Hcl组BALF中炎症细胞总数[(57.0±5.7)×104/ml比(87.0±5.6)×104/ml]、嗜酸性粒细胞数[(6.8±1.7)×104/ml比(12.3±3.5)×104/ml]、IL-4[(19.3 ±2.7)比(26.2±3.2)ng/ml]水平均显著低于哮喘组(均P＜0.05),IL-5低于哮喘组、IFN-γ水平高于哮喘组但差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05);Tubastatin A Hcl组肺组织气管血管周围炎症细胞浸润程度、炎症细胞数[(9.80±2.42)比(20.67 ±7.53)个]、炎症评分[(2.20±0.70)比(3.60 ±0.68)分]、杯状细胞化生百分比[(50.46±5.03)％比(71.06±5.38)％]均显著低于哮喘组(均P＜0.05),胶原沉积面积低于哮喘组但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但上述结果地塞米松组均略优于Tubastatin A Hcl组但差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 Tubastatin A Hcl能够有效缓解急性期哮喘气管炎症水平,但其抗炎作用有限,效果并不如地塞米松显著.

摘要： Objective To investigate the characteristics of lower airway abnormalities in allergic rhinitis(AR) patients without asthma.Methods Between June 2008 and December 2012,377 consecutive AR patients and 264 healthy subjects were recruited.All subjects underwent meticulous history taking,nasal examination,allergen skin prick test,blood routine test,serum total immunoglobin E assay,induced sputum cell count and differentials,measurement of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and bronchial challenge test.Results The positive rates in AR patients was 12.2％ (46/377) for bronchial provocation test,49.2％ (185/377) for FeNO,39.0％ (147/377) for sputum eosinophilia,15.6％ (40/377) for peripheral blood eosinophilia and 55.4％ (209/377) for increased serum total IgE levels,which were consistently and statistically higher than those of healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01).The levels of FeNO [35.0 (21.8,65.9)ppb],induced sputum eosinophil percentage [2.0 (0.0,7.5) ％],peripheral blood eosinophil percentage [2.9 (1.8,4.5)％] and serum total IgE [178.4 (63.1,384.0)kU/L] in AR patients were also higher (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with healthy controls,patients with AR demonstrated lower levels of FEV1/FVC％,MMEFpred％,MEF75 pred％,MEF25pred％ (all P ＜ 0.05).Statistical analysis showed that FeNO,ratio of induced sputum eosinophil percentage and peripheral blood eosinophil percentage had significant correlations with each other(P ＜ 0.01),the r value being 0.247,O.235,0.355 respectively.Conclusion AR without asthma is characterized by lower airway inflammation,small airway impairment and bronchial hyperreactivity,features similar to those of asthma.%目的 通过系统性研究变应性鼻炎(AR)患者下气道检测指标的变化,了解其下气道的异常特征.方法 自2008年6月至2012年12月募集AR不伴下气道疾病及症状患者377例(AR组),健康对照组264名.所有受试者均采集病史,行皮肤点刺试验,检测外周血嗜酸粒细胞(Eos)、血清总IgE、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO),行肺通气功能、乙酰甲胆碱支气管激发试验以及诱导痰Eos比例检查.结果 AR组支气管激发试验阳性率为12.2％(46/377);FeNO中位数为35.0(21.8,65.9)ppb,阳性率为49.2％(185/377);诱导痰Eos比例为2.0(0.0,7.5)％,阳性率为39.0％(147/377);外周血Eos比例为2.9(1.8,4.5)％,阳性率为15.6％(40/377);血清总IgE为178.4(63.1,384.0)kU/L,阳性率为55.4％(209/377),均明显高于健康对照组(均P＜0.01).肺通气功能测试示FEV1/FVC、最大呼气中段流量(MMEF)占预计值％、MEF75占预计值％、MEF25占预计值％指标明显低于对照组(均P＜0.05).FeNO、诱导痰Eos比例以及外周血Eos比例之间均存在显著的相关性(r值分别为0.247、0.235、0.355,均P＜0.01).结论 部分单纯AR患者存在与支气管哮喘类似的以FeNO、诱导痰Eos增高为特征的下气道炎症、小气道功能异常以及支气管高反应性等下气道异常表现.

摘要： It is essential to assess and monitor respiratory tract inflammation in asthmatic children patients for evaluating severity of bronchial asthma ,treatment response and predicting acute exacerbation and outcome .Invasive and noninvasive techniques could be used in monitoring respiratory tract inflammation in asthmatic children patients .Noninvasive techniques have become one of the most important means for the management of asthma ,including airway responsiveness detection ,level of fractional concentration of exhaled nitric oxide ( FeNO ) detection , induced sputum detection , concentration of leukotrienes (LT) in blood and urine ,and experiment for analysis of ingredients for exhaled breath condensate (EBC ) . The decision criteria standardization of noninvasive detection technology to respiratory inflammatory of bronchial asthma in children will be the first step ,and it is also the main problem that affects the clinical application of these techniques in children with asthma .%儿童呼吸道炎症评估和监测，对于支气管哮喘的病情评价，治疗反应效果、预测急性发作和预后检测均具有重要意义。目前，对于呼吸道炎症检测相关技术，包括无创和有创二类。其中，呼吸道炎症无创检测技术，已成为哮喘管理的重要手段之一，主要包括呼吸道反应性测定、呼出气一氧化氮（FeNO ）水平检测、诱导痰技术、血液与尿液白三烯（L T ）水平检测，以及呼出气冷凝物（EBC ）成分试验等。对呼吸道炎症无创检测技术和判定指标的标准化，是目前影响这些技术在儿童支气管哮喘临床应用的主要问题。

摘要： Objective To study the characteristics of airway hyperresponsiveness in children with different causes of chronic cough.Methods A prospective study was conducted in children suffering from chronic cough caused by a single reason at the department of respirology of Children' s Hospital of Soochow University from April 2012 to December 2013.Bronchial provocation test,induced sputum eosinophil count,and exhale nitric oxide were detected at beginning and 4 weeks later.The severity of the CVA was classified according to the integral dose of histamine which resulted in a 20％ (PD20) fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1).All patients received treatment according to the recommended guidelines for chronic cough in children of China.According to the responses to the treatment and the results of physical examinations and laboratory findings,a final diagnosis was confirmed.Results A total of 66 children were enrolled in this study,including cough variant asthma (CVA) in 17,upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) in 37,and post infection cough (PIC) in 12 cases.Positive AHR in CVA,UACS,and PIC groups was found in 17,13,and 9 cases respectively at the first visit,and after 4 weeks,it was found in 17,5,and 2 cases respectively.The severity of AHR in CVA,UACS and PIC at beginning and after 4 weeks were moderate to severe in 5,0,0 cases and 1,0,0 case; Mild to very mild in 12,13,9 cases and 16,5,2 cases.Negative response was found in 0,24,3 cases and 0,32,10 cases,respectively.The values of PD20 in CVA group(0.47 ± 0.28) mg were statistically lower those in UACS group (1.8 ± 0.64) mg and PIC group (1.2 ± 0.80) mg (P ＜ 0.01).The sputum eosinophil count was ＞ 3％ in all cases of CVA but all ＜3％ in UACS and PIC.FeNO and sputum eosinophil counts were positively correlated (r =0.687,P =0.000).Conclusion The characteristics of airway responsiveness of chronic cough caused by different causes were varied in different AHR severity and course.Bronchial provocation test combined with induced sputum showed certain values for confirming the cause of chronic cough in children.%目的 研究不同病因儿童慢性咳嗽的气道高反应性(AHR)特征.方法 纳入2012年4月至2013年12月于苏州大学附属儿童医院呼吸科就诊并明确为单病因的慢性咳嗽患儿,采用支气管激发试验测得FEV1下降20％时组织胺累计剂量(PD20),依据PD20将AHR严重程度分为重度、中度、轻度、极轻度4级,同时测定诱导痰嗜酸粒细胞(EOS)计数和呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)浓度,按儿童慢性咳嗽指南推荐方案进行治疗,4周后随访,复查上述指标.结果 共纳入患儿66例,其中咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)17例,上气道咳嗽综合征(UACS) 37例,感染后咳嗽(PIC) 12例.CVA、UACS及PIC组AHR阳性初诊例数分别为17、13和9例,4周复诊时分别为17、5和2例.AHR严重程度分级,初诊时CVA、UACS和PIC组中～重度分别为5、0和0例,轻度～极轻度分别为12、13和9例,阴性分别为0、24和3例;4周后复诊CVA、UACS和PIC组中～重度度分别为1、0和0例,轻度～极轻度分别为16、5和2例,阴性分别为0、32和10例.CVA组PD20值为(0.47±0.28) mg,低于UACS组和PIC组[分别为(1.80±0.64)和(1.20±0.80) mg],差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.01).CVA组的诱导痰EOS比例均＞3％,UACS和PIC组均＜3％.FeNO与痰EOS比例呈正相关(r=0.687,P=0.000).结论 不同病因儿童慢性咳嗽气道高反应的严重程度和持续时间不同,气道激发试验结合诱导痰对慢性咳嗽病因诊断有重要价值.

摘要： 目的:观察OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏所造成的大鼠哮喘模型的差异,确定一种较成功的哮喘大鼠模型.rn 方法:用3种方法分别致敏大鼠,抗原攻击后,用Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录仪记录甲酰胆碱激发的气道高反应性。行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类,观察肺组织病理改变.rn 结果:OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏都可引起一定的大鼠肺功能下降、炎性反应细胞浸润增加以及肺组织病理改变,OVA+pertussis共同致敏效果优于OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏.rn 结论:OVA+pertussis共同致敏再进行雾化攻击是一种比较成功的哮喘大鼠模型。

摘要： 目的:观察OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏所造成的大鼠哮喘模型的差异,确定一种较成功的哮喘大鼠模型.rn 方法:用3种方法分别致敏大鼠,抗原攻击后,用Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录仪记录甲酰胆碱激发的气道高反应性。行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类,观察肺组织病理改变.rn 结果:OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏都可引起一定的大鼠肺功能下降、炎性反应细胞浸润增加以及肺组织病理改变,OVA+pertussis共同致敏效果优于OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏.rn 结论:OVA+pertussis共同致敏再进行雾化攻击是一种比较成功的哮喘大鼠模型。

摘要： 目的:观察OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏所造成的大鼠哮喘模型的差异,确定一种较成功的哮喘大鼠模型.rn 方法:用3种方法分别致敏大鼠,抗原攻击后,用Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录仪记录甲酰胆碱激发的气道高反应性。行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类,观察肺组织病理改变.rn 结果:OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏都可引起一定的大鼠肺功能下降、炎性反应细胞浸润增加以及肺组织病理改变,OVA+pertussis共同致敏效果优于OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏.rn 结论:OVA+pertussis共同致敏再进行雾化攻击是一种比较成功的哮喘大鼠模型。

摘要： 目的:观察OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏所造成的大鼠哮喘模型的差异,确定一种较成功的哮喘大鼠模型.rn 方法:用3种方法分别致敏大鼠,抗原攻击后,用Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录仪记录甲酰胆碱激发的气道高反应性。行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类,观察肺组织病理改变.rn 结果:OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏都可引起一定的大鼠肺功能下降、炎性反应细胞浸润增加以及肺组织病理改变,OVA+pertussis共同致敏效果优于OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏.rn 结论:OVA+pertussis共同致敏再进行雾化攻击是一种比较成功的哮喘大鼠模型。

摘要： 目的:观察OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏所造成的大鼠哮喘模型的差异,确定一种较成功的哮喘大鼠模型.rn 方法:用3种方法分别致敏大鼠,抗原攻击后,用Medlab生物信号采集处理系统记录仪记录甲酰胆碱激发的气道高反应性。行支气管肺泡灌洗和腹腔灌洗,计数支气管肺泡灌洗液中细胞总数并分类,观察肺组织病理改变.rn 结果:OVA+pertussis共同致敏,OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏都可引起一定的大鼠肺功能下降、炎性反应细胞浸润增加以及肺组织病理改变,OVA+pertussis共同致敏效果优于OVA单独致敏和pertussis单独致敏.rn 结论:OVA+pertussis共同致敏再进行雾化攻击是一种比较成功的哮喘大鼠模型。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种高反应性的锌形态、其制备方法以及该高反应性锌形态在合成化学中的用途。

摘要： 本发明涉及低粘度氨基甲酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯化合物的用途，用在用于建筑目的的反应性树脂和反应性树脂组分中以及用于降低反应性树脂的粘度和用于降低反应性树脂组分或反应性树脂体系的压出力。

摘要： 本发明提供的是一种模拟核反应堆中子反应性反馈过程的热工水力实验装置及方法。包括电加热实验段、管壳式冷却器、稳压器、充压氮气罐、循环泵、冷却水泵、冷却水池、冷却水塔、管路、阀门、测量仪表、数据采集系统、控制计算机、高频直流电源、以及导电铜排。高频直流电源通电加热实验段。循环泵通过管路与电加热实验段入口相连，循环泵布置有旁通管路，电加热实验段出口通过管路与管壳式冷却器管侧入口相连。本发明在热工水力实验装置上增加了模拟反应堆中子反应性反馈的控制系统，可以用于模拟核反应堆在各类瞬态工况下的反应性反馈过程和热工水力响应过程，具有能够在无核辐射的环境下对核反应堆中不易进行的各类实验工况进行模拟的优点。

摘要： 本发明提供了一种对反应堆信号全量程自动监测的便携反应性仪及反应性修正方法。反应堆信号输入部分支持USB数据通讯，与电脑间通过USB连接，可以灵活支持反应性在线测量和离线处理。本反应性仪带有高精度微电流测量单元，通过工业级高精度静电计读取中子探测器电流值，搭配总线通讯电路，构成反应性仪的微电流测量通道，将当前成熟的微电流测量技术融入反应性仪，对反应性仪精度和稳定性产生本质的提升作用。同时,可通过图像数值识别非介入读取核仪表显示值的系统，克服了以往的核仪表数据获取方式存在一些硬件介入性、人为读取费时易失误等弊端，只须通过摄像头即可将核仪表的显示值识别为数据，实现重要数据的实时采集和共享。

摘要： 披露了用于控制核裂变反应堆中的反应性的说明性装置、组件、和方法，披露了说明性核裂变反应堆，并且披露了用于制造反应性控制装置的说明性方法。

摘要： 本发明涉及一种高反应性的锌形态、其制备方法以及该高反应性锌形态在合成化学中的用途。

摘要： 本发明涉及基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的带有固定膜的预浸料和由其制成的复合部件。

摘要： 本发明涉及用于制造具有可见碳纤维织物或-网格布的复合部件的基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的预浸料。

摘要： 本发明涉及用颜料或染料制品着色的基于储存稳定的反应性或高反应性聚氨酯组合物的预浸料。

摘要： 本发明涉及低粘度氨基甲酸酯甲基丙烯酸酯化合物的用途，用在用于建筑目的的反应性树脂和反应性树脂组分中以及用于降低反应性树脂的粘度和用于降低反应性树脂组分或反应性树脂体系的压出力。