advances

摘要： Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms(PanNENs)are rare neoplasms with strong heterogeneity that have experienced an increasing incidence rate in recent years.For patients with locally advanced or distant metastatic PanNENs,systemic treatment options vary due to the different differentiations,grades and stages.The available options for systemic therapy include somatostatin analogs,molecularly targeted agents,cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents,immune checkpoint inhibitors,and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy.In addition,the development of novel molecularly targeted agents is currently in progress.The sequence of selection between different chemotherapy regimens has been of great interest,and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is the major limitation in their clinical application.Novel agents and high-level clinical evidence continue to emerge in the field of antiangiogenic agents.Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy is increasingly employed for the treatment of advanced neuroendocrine tumors,and greater therapeutic efficacy may be achieved by emerging radiolabeled peptides.Since immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapies for PanNENs appear to have limited antitumor activity,dual immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies or combinations of antiangiogenic therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been applied in the clinic to improve clinical efficacy.Combining the use of a variety of agents with different mechanisms of action provides new possibilities for clinical treatments.In the future,the study of systemic therapies will continue to focus on the screening of the optimal benefit population and the selection of the best treatment sequence strategy with the aim of truly achieving individualized precise treatment of PanNENs.

摘要： 1.Introduction Our current understanding of the complex biology of solid organs,such as the liver,has been tremendously advanced by a wide variety of methodological approaches based on cell biology,biochemistry,molecular biology,and histology.Conventional methods such as the morphological assessment of tissue structure by histology and immunohistochemistry have generated valuable knowledge and revealed improved treatment options for various liver diseases.Furthermore,due to recent technological advances,it has been possible to gain deeper insights into physiological and pathological tissue organization,as well as dynamic processes taking place in vivo.These novel methods include single-cell tar-geted transcriptome analysis,mass spectrometry-based metabolite and protein expression studies,and considerable advances in two-and three-dimensional(2D/3D)imaging.This commentary will briefly review the recent progress that has been made in the field of imaging-based liver research,highlighting the novel possibilities of high-dimensional,multiparametric imaging in two and three dimensions,as well as those of dynamic time-lapse in vitro and in vivo imaging(Fig.1).We will also highlight some potential applications of these techniques for specific research questions in liver biology and disease.

摘要： This paper reviews the main progress of research on acupuncture.The annual acupuncture research review includes reports on clinical and basic research on acupuncture published in 2021.From the perspective of literature types,most of them are clinical studies or systematic review,and high-quality basic studies can also be seen.Acupuncture in the treatment of cancer diseases,cardio-cerebrovascular disease,endocrine disease,digestive system diseases,inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 has certain advantages.Most clinical studies or systematic reviews show that acupuncture has played a positive role in treating many diseases,and it provides a valuable basis for further in-depth study of the clinical value of acupuncture and mechanism.The quality and innovation of acupuncture and moxibustion research are gradually improving.Researchers not only pay attention to standardized acupuncture and moxibustion treatment research,but also continue to explore new diseases,new mechanisms,and new methods.High-quality clinical studies with guiding significance have laid a solid research foundation for the international promotion of acupuncture.In terms of basic research,there are also high-quality animal experiments published in the international top biology journal Nature,which have been highly accepted internationally and increasingly recognized by international experts.Acupuncture is a very promising treatment.

摘要： In recent years, scientists have been using biomimetic tissue models-reconstructed tissues de-signed to replicate the attributes of living tissue-to study disease and development in the human body. The heart,however, is a different story. Even though advances in stem cell research now make it easier to grow cardiac tissue, replicating a functioning human heart in a lab remains complicated.

摘要： 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。The cancer death rate in the U.S.fell by the most on record1 as advances in treatments for lung tumors(月中瘤)like video-assisted surgery helped prolong the lives of patients.

摘要： China''s Ministry of Science and Technology recently unveiled the country''s top 10 scientific advances of 2020.1.Chinese scientists''remarkable progress in tackling COVID-19 Chinese scientists teamed up to make a quick response to the COVID-19 outbreak.

摘要： Viral hepatitis represents a major public health hazard and is associated withsignificant global mortality. Over the last decade, there have been significantdevelopments in the prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis. These changeshave led to a situation whereby global elimination has become a realistic goal,fully endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). By 2030, the WHOaims to reduce viral hepatitis mortality by 65% and reduce new infections by 90%by 2030. These are ambitious targets and will only be met through a sustainedprogramme. This will require expertise from hepatologists and virologists and thefields of public health and primary care. In this article, we review the causes ofviral hepatitis, its management through prevention and treatments, and the mostpressing challenges and recent advances.

摘要： Being one of the most common causes of the acute abdomen,acute appendicitis(AA)forms the bread and butter of any general surgeon’s practice.With the recent advancements in AA’s management,much controversy in diagnostic algorithms,possible differential diagnoses,and weighing the management options has been generated,with no absolute consensus in the literature.Since Alvarado described his eponymous clinical scoring system in 1986 to stratify AA risk,there has been a burgeoning of additional scores for guiding downstream management and mortality assessment.Furthermore,advancing literature on the role of antibiotics,variations in appendicectomy,and its adjuncts have expanded the surgeon’s repertoire of management options.Owing to the varied presentation,diagnostic tools,and management of AA have also been proposed in special groups such as pregnant patients,the elderly,and the immunocompromised.This article seeks to raise the critical debates about what is currently known about the above aspects of AA and explore the latest controversies in the field.Considering the ever-evolving coronavirus disease 2019 situation worldwide,we also discuss the pandemic’s repercussions on patients and how surgeons’practices have evolved in the context of AA.

摘要： Energy materials facilitate the capture and transformation of energy along with the storage and utilization of stored energy,and offer promising solutions to achieve renewable and sustainable energy pathways for the future.Numerous efforts on this research field have been recently made,leading to the development of a variety of energy materials with unique physiochemical properties that achieve substantial progress towards high performance energy applications.In recent years,encouraging advances have emerged through synergistically combined in-situ/operando characterization techniques and powerful theoretical calculations,which have greatly accelerated the design of promising energy materials and the fundamental understanding of energy conversion and storage mechanisms.This themed issue of Energy Materials:Now and Future is therefore featured to collect together a number of high-quality reviews and progress reports,1–8 detailing recent advances and discussing future development of delicately designed and tailored materials for energy applications including fuel cells,batteries/supercapacitors,solar cells and catalysts.

摘要： 公开了在用于发送信道状态信息参考信号（CSI-RS）的正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中分配资源单元而不与被分配给端口-5用户设备特定的参考信号（URS）信号的资源单元重叠的方法。该方法可包括在频率域中移动标准CP子帧中的被分配给CSI-RS的资源单元的至少一部分。根据某些实施方式，可以在单个物理资源块（PRB）内每8-端口CSI-RS或每一组八个CSI-RS资源单元定义资源单元的分配，该PRB的时间域是一个子帧，且该PRB的频率域大小是12个子载波。

摘要： 本申请涉及LTE-ADVANCE系统的CSI-RS资源分配的方法和系统。其公开了用于配置信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)的系统和方法。该系统和方法包括向用户设备提供CSI-RS重复使用信息的位置。在示例性的实施例中提供了用于CSI-RS资源单元位置的识别的多个编码模式和示例性的方法。此外，示例性的实施例提供了用于物理下行链路共享信道资源单元的静默的方法和系统。

摘要： 公开了一种在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中分配资源单元用于信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)的传输的方法。该方法包括将一个或多个资源单元转换至二维频率-时间域，以及将一个或多个经转换的资源单元分成物理资源块(PRB)的单位。在PRB的至少一部分上使一个或多个资源单元形成图案用于CSI-RS的传输。根据实施方式，关于共同小区具有相同子载波索引的CSI-RS资源单元是码分复用(CDM)的，CDM尺寸与关于共同小区的具有相同子载波索引的CSI-RS资源单元的数量相等。

摘要： 本发明属于衍射测试、分析应用领域，涉及一种D8-Advance衍射仪样品夹，包括圆环体1，所述圆环体1的外径φ70mm，内径φ32mm，厚15mm，圆环体1圆周上均布有三个内螺纹孔，内螺纹孔的轴心线处同一圆面，相邻两条轴心线的圆心角为120°，每个内螺纹孔设有相配的圆柱头螺钉。本发明解决了对规则、不规则块状样品的物相、晶体分析的需求问题。

摘要： 公开了在用于发送信道状态信息参考信号（CSI-RS）的正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中分配资源单元而不与被分配给端口-5用户设备特定的参考信号（URS）信号的资源单元重叠的方法。该方法可包括在频率域中移动标准CP子帧中的被分配给CSI-RS的资源单元的至少一部分。根据某些实施方式，可以在单个物理资源块（PRB）内每8-端口CSI-RS或每一组八个CSI-RS资源单元定义资源单元的分配，该PRB的时间域是一个子帧，且该PRB的频率域大小是12个子载波。

摘要： 用于在LTE-Advance系统中连同CSI-RS传输和相关静默一起传送SFBC信号的方法和系统。本文公开了用于在子帧中传输空间频率块编码(SFBC)格式的物理下行链路共享信道(PDSCH)的系统和方法，所述子帧包括信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)和零功率静默中的至少一个。处理器单元分组可用于CSI-RS和零功率静默中的至少一个的一个或多个资源单元(RE)，并且包括一个或多个RE的组的子帧被传输。在一个组中的一个或多个RE中的所有RE被一起用于PDSCH速率匹配，或者在所述一个组中的一个或多个RE中没有任意一个被用于PDSCH速率匹配。如果OFDM符号上的每SFBC对的任意两个RE由至少N个RE分隔开的话，一个OFDM符号上的所有RE不可用于PDSCH速率匹配，N等于1或2。

摘要： 公开了一种在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中分配资源单元以用于信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)的传输的方法。该方法包括将资源单元转换至二维频率-时间域。经转换的资源单元然后可以被分成物理资源块(PRB)的单元，PRB可以例如是一个子帧。可确定PRB的一部分是否正由另一信号使用；以及如果PRB的该部分未被使用，则它可被分配用于CSI-RS的传输。例如，CSI-RS可在由常规或频分复用(FDD)下行子帧中的可用于CSI-RS的资源单元确定的资源单元位置传输。CSI-RS可在被配置为单频网上多媒体广播(MBSFN)或非MBSFN子帧的下行子帧中传输。

摘要： 公开了一种在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中分配资源单元用于信道状态信息参考信号(CSI-RS)的传输的方法。该方法包括将一个或多个资源单元转换至二维频率-时间域，以及将一个或多个经转换的资源单元分成物理资源块(PRB)的单位。在PRB的至少一部分上使一个或多个资源单元形成图案用于CSI-RS的传输。根据实施方式，关于共同小区具有相同子载波索引的CSI-RS资源单元是码分复用(CDM)的，CDM尺寸与关于共同小区的具有相同子载波索引的CSI-RS资源单元的数量相等。

摘要： 本实用新型术语X射线衍射测量技术领域，尤其是涉及一种布鲁克D8‑Advance系列X射线衍射仪用样品台。包括石英玻璃组件，所述的石英玻璃组件正中间开有圆孔，所述的圆孔内有的石英玻璃圆片，所述石英玻璃组件下表面附有金属片，所述金属片正中间开有螺纹孔，并可以上螺丝。通过在石英玻璃组件开设圆孔，及配有石英玻璃圆片，下表面附有金属片及可旋转螺丝，可以同时测试多量及微量粉末和大小不同的块状样品；石英玻璃没有干扰峰，不需要担心在测试中石英玻璃对测试结果的影响。

摘要： 本实用新型属于衍射测试、分析应用领域，涉及一种D8-Advance衍射仪样品夹，包括圆环体，所述圆环体的外径φ70mm，内径φ32mm，厚15mm，圆环体圆周上均布有三个内螺纹孔，内螺纹孔的轴心线处同一圆面，相邻两条轴心线的圆心角为120°，每个内螺纹孔设有相配的圆柱头螺钉。本实用新型解决了对规则、不规则块状样品的物相、晶体分析的需求问题。