Many measurement techniques exist among papermakers and chemical suppliers for determining the chargerncharacteristics of fibers and chemical additives in papermaking. Unfortunately, there is not a universallyrnaccepted understanding of the differences among these techniques and a commonly accepted approach torninterpreting the results. Often, electrokinetic techniques are applied inappropriately, and charge data isrninterpreted incorrectly.rnThis paper first reviews the most commonly accepted charge measurement concepts of electrophoresis,rnstreaming potential, zeta potential and charge demand, then suggests appropriate application of each method tornunderstanding the wet end chemistry of papermaking. For demonstration, we present application data fromrnthorough wet end charge surveys of various paper machines. Data is shown from newsprint, fine paper, andrnboard grade charge surveys. We offer constructive advice in applying the charge measurement methods and inrninterpreting the resulting charge data.
展开▼
