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首页> 外文会议>International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(16 ICSMGE) vol.3; 2005; Osaka(JP) >Tunneling through soft clay
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Tunneling through soft clay

机译：穿过软土隧道

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A new railway line was under construction in Northern Sweden, along the shoreline of the Gulf of Bothnia, between Umea and Orn-skoldsvik. The ground conditions varied dramatically: Postglacial clay and silt valleys with intermediate ridges of crystalline, Pre-cambrian bedrock, crossing the railway line. Within the stretch in question, the railway line level was about 20m below ground surface in soft organic silt. For the design of freezing, a freezing analysis was carried out to determine the practical freezing plan with pipeline depths and distances, to estimate the necessary time for freezing and to determine temperatures within the frozen zone. The frozen soil in the tunnel was planned to be cut by blasting, and the tunnel walls and arches were planned to be strengthened temporarily with shotcrete, that should work the period of cutting, about 3 months. To estimate the deformations, displacements and safety level, a mechanical analysis of the tunnel cross-section was carried out, applying the FEM-program PLAXIS. The analysis resulted stresses and displacements before shotcrete cover (3 days), and long-term displacements and factors of safety for the shotcrete-supported tunnel. The estimated displacements for the tunnel arch were small, if the temperatures were at or below -15℃. The freezing was started in May 2002, and completed in September 2002. The tunnelling was started in September, and it was anticipated to be open in November 2002. The tunnelling proved to be technically and economically successful, and was carried out in the planned schedule.
机译：瑞典北部正在修建一条新的铁路线，沿乌米亚和奥恩·斯科尔斯维克之间的博特尼亚湾海岸线。地面条件发生了巨大变化：冰川后的泥沙和粉砂谷，中间有结晶的前寒武纪基岩脊，穿过铁路线。在所讨论的范围内，铁路线高度在软有机淤泥中低于地面约20m。对于冻结的设计，进行了冻结分析，以确定带有管道深度和距离的实际冻结计划，估算了冻结所需的时间并确定了冻结区域内的温度。计划对隧道中的冻土进行爆破切割，并计划用喷浆临时加固隧道的墙体和拱形结构，这应该可以进行约3个月的切割。为了估算变形，位移和安全等级，使用FEM程序PLAXIS对隧道横截面进行了力学分析。分析得出了喷射混凝土覆盖前（3天）的应力和位移，以及喷射混凝土支护隧道的长期位移和安全系数。如果温度为-15℃或以下，则隧道拱的位移估计很小。冻结于2002年5月开始，并于2002年9月完成。隧道于9月开始，预计于2002年11月开放。隧道在技术和经济上都被证明是成功的，并按计划的时间表进行。

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