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CULTURAL ETHOLOGY AS A NEW APPROACH OF INTERPLANETARY CREW'S BEHAVIOR

机译：文化伦理学作为星际船员行为的一种新方法

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From an evolutionary perspective, during short-term and medium-term orbital flights, human beings developed new spatial and motor behaviors to compensate for the lack of terrestrial gravity. Past space ethological studies have shown adaptive strategies to the tri-dimensional environment with the goal of optimizing relationships between the astronaut and unusual sensorial-motor conditions of movement. During a long-term interplanetary journey, crewmembers will have to develop new individual and social behaviors to adapt, far from Earth, to isolation and confinement and as a result to extreme conditions of living and working together. Recent space psychological studies pointed out that heterogeneity is the feature of interplanetary crews, based on personality, gender mixing, internationality and diversity of backgrounds. Intercultural issues could arise between space voyagers. As a new approach we propose to emphasize the behavioral strategies of the human group's adaption to this new multicultural dimension of the environment. Methodology: Potential outcomes of applying ethological methods to the study of culture-specific human behaviors are investigated. They use ethological and anthropological tools based on observations and descriptions of individuals acting in a micro-society with their rules for living, their work habits and their specific customs and values. We intend to focus the present study on interpersonal communications and organizations in diverse space simulation experiments and analogous environments (Mars-500 experiment, Mars Desert Research Station - MDRS, Tara-Arctic expedition and Concordia South pole station). Results: During the Mars-500 experiment, the crewmembers (RU, EU, CH) were differently involved in the activities of daily living. At MDRS in the Desert of Utah, the crewmembers (FR, US, AU, DK) communicated differently in verbal discussions. During the Tara drift in the pack ice, the crewmembers (FR, MC, EE, NZ, NO) were diversely positioned in the collective space. At Concordia station, the crewmembers (IT, FR) were grouped preferentially according to their living habits. The results show that cultural heterogeneity has different impacts on interpersonal communications and organizations. When considering the isolated and confined crews like an evolving micro-society in unexplored environments, our preliminary analysis raises new questions on phylogenetic and epigenetic bases to which cultural ethology associated with anthropology may help to answer. Conclusion: Cultural values in addition to social values and personal values, have to be taken into consideration for future space exploration.
机译：从进化的角度来看，在短期和中期轨道飞行中，人类开发了新的空间和运动行为，以弥补地面重力的不足。过去的空间伦理学研究已经显示出对三维环境的适应性策略，其目的是优化宇航员与不寻常的运动感觉条件之间的关系。在长期的行星际旅行中，机组人员将不得不发展新的个人和社会行为，以适应远离地球的环境，以适应孤立和禁闭，并适应极端生活和共同工作的条件。最近的空间心理学研究指出，异质性是行星际乘员的特征，基于个性，性别混合，国际性和背景的多样性。太空旅行者之间可能会出现跨文化问题。作为一种新方法，我们建议强调人类群体适应环境这一新的多元文化维度的行为策略。方法论：研究了将伦理学方法应用于研究特定文化的人类行为的潜在结果。他们使用人类学和人类学工具，是基于对微观社会中的个体的观察和描述，其生活规则，工作习惯以及特定的习俗和价值观。我们打算将本研究的重点放在各种空间模拟实验和类似环境（Mars-500实验，火星沙漠研究站-MDRS，塔拉北极探险队和Concordia南极站）中的人际交流和组织上。结果：在Mars-500实验期间，机组人员（RU，EU，CH）参与了日常生活活动。在犹他州沙漠的MDRS中，机组人员（法国，美国，澳大利亚，丹麦）在口头讨论中进行了不同的交流。塔拉（Tara）在浮冰中漂流期间，机组人员（FR，MC，EE，NZ，NO）在集体空间中的位置各不相同。在Concordia站，机组人员（IT，FR）根据他们的生活习惯进行了优先分组。结果表明，文化异质性对人际交往和组织的影响不同。当考虑孤立的，局限的工作人员，例如在未开发的环境中不断发展的微型社会时，我们的初步分析提出了有关系统发育和表观遗传基础的新问题，与人类学相关的文化伦理学可能会对此做出回答。结论：在未来的太空探索中，除了社会价值和个人价值外，还必须考虑文化价值。

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