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Mars analogues for space exploration

机译：火星类似物用于太空探索

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Searching for life on extraterrestrial planets is the goal of many space missions. Especially our neigbour planet Mars is of astrobiological interest. Assessing the habitability of Mars and detecting life, if it was ever there, depends on our knowledge about Earth organisms and their capability to survive the combined environmental stresses experienced on Mars. Samples from different Mars analogue areas on Earth were collected and anaerobic microorganisms adapted to these extreme conditions were isolated. These new strains were subjected to mars-relevant environmental stress factors alone and in combination in the laboratory under controlled conditions, e.g. radiation, high salt concentrations, low water activity, oxidising compounds. The aim is to find out, if these organisms are also able to survive under martian conditions. So far, eight only distantly related microorganisms are under detailed investigation. The limiting factor for many but not all of these new strains is the exposure to desiccating conditions. Some strains survive surprisingly well. Some are also resistant against radiation or perchlorates. The future experiments aim at the identification of the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and the comparison to other new isolates from Mars analogue environments on Earth in the MASE project.
机译：在外星球上寻找生命是许多太空任务的目标。尤其是我们的近地行星火星具有天文生物学的意义。评估火星的可居住性并检测其生命（如果存在的话），取决于我们对地球生物及其在火星上经历的综合环境压力下生存的能力的了解。收集了来自地球上不同火星模拟区域的样本，并分离了适应这些极端条件的厌氧微生物。这些新菌株单独地和与火星有关的环境应力因子经受了与火星有关的环境应力因子的作用，并且在受控条件下例如在实验室中组合地经受了与火星有关的环境应力因子。辐射，高盐浓度，低水活度，氧化性化合物。目的是找出这些生物是否还能在火星条件下生存。到目前为止，仅对八种远缘相关的微生物进行了详细研究。许多但不是全部这些新菌株的限制因素是暴露于干燥条件下。一些菌株出奇地存活。有些还具有抗辐射或高氯酸盐的能力。未来的实验旨在识别潜在的细胞和分子机制，并与MASE项目中地球上火星类似环境中的其他新分离株进行比较。

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