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Performance Predictions of Multirotor Vehicles Using A Higher-Order Potential Flow Method

机译：基于高阶势流法的多旋翼飞行器性能预测

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A higher-order potential flow method is modified for aerodynamic performance predictions of small rotors. The rotor blades and their wakes are discretized using so-called distributed vorticity elements. Subsequently, the wake is represented by a continues vortex sheet, which is developed using a time-stepping procedure as either a fixed or relaxed wake. Viscous effects are captured using a strip method and an analytical high angle of attack stall model is applied. The aerodynamic load predictions of the higher-order potential flow method compare well with results from wind-tunnel experiments over a wide range of inflow conditions. In comparison to results based on blade element momentum theory, it also provides improved thrust and power predictions for descending flight and high advance ratios. The predicted radial loading during hover agree well with experimental observations. The rotor model is integrated into a two typical quadrotor configuration, with one leading rotor, or diamond configuration, and with two leading rotors, or square configuration, in order to explore effects specific to these configurations. A finding for the diamond configurations it that direction rotation of the leading rotor impacts the thrust and rolling moment of the mid-rotors. One finding for square configurations is that having the retreating blades of the lead rotors move along the vehicle centerline rather than the other way around results in slightly higher total thrust and tendency to pitch up. These tendencies increase with increasing edgewise flight and advance ratios.
机译：修改了高阶势流方法，以预测小型转子的空气动力性能。转子叶片及其尾流使用所谓的分布式涡度元素离散化。随后，尾波由连续的涡旋片表示，该涡旋片使用时间步长过程作为固定或松弛的尾波而形成。使用剥离方法捕获粘滞效应，并应用解析的高攻角失速模型。高阶势流法的空气动力学载荷预测与风洞实验在宽范围的入流条件下的结果进行了很好的比较。与基于桨叶动量理论的结果相比，它还提供了针对下降飞行和高推进比的改进的推力和功率预测。悬停过程中的预计径向载荷与实验观察结果非常吻合。转子模型被集成到两个典型的四转子配置中，具有一个前导转子或菱形配置，以及两个前导转子或方形配置，以便探索特定于这些配置的效果。对于菱形配置，发现前导转子的方向旋转会影响中转子的推力和侧倾力矩。方形配置的一个发现是，使前导转子的后退叶片沿车辆中心线移动，而不是沿相反方向移动，会导致总推力略高，并且有向上倾斜的趋势。这些趋势随着边沿飞行和前进比的增加而增加。

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