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Vehicle Thermal Modelling for Improved Drive Cycle Analysis of a Generic City Bus

机译:用于改进通用城市公交车的驾驶循环分析的车辆热模型

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In the UK local authorities are being incentivized to purchase low emission vehicles through schemes such as the Ultra Low Emissions Bus (ULEB) scheme. To qualify vehicles must prove they meet certain emissions limits over a pre-described drive cycle. One of the key factors that will impact vehicle performance is the operation of the Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, a large consumer of energy in the system, thus it is vital to have an understanding of the thermal behavior of the cabin and HVAC loads required to maintain comfortable conditions. This paper outlines a lumped parameter model of a generic city bus for use in determining such loads and assisting in the creation of control strategies to minimize energy consumption. Using steady state analysis it is possible to determine the average power consumption required to maintain an internal cabin temperature over a single MLTB drive cycle. Dynamic analysis shows that by changing the HVAC strategy it is possible to reduce the energy consumption by removing the need to operate the system at full power for the entire duration of the cycle. By implementing a hysteresis based control strategy that over heats the environment then switches to a low power mode to allow the temperature to recover the model was able to demonstrate potential energy savings of up to 26.6% when compared to the baseline case operating at a constant steady power output.
机译:在英国,地方当局被鼓励通过诸如超低排放巴士(ULEB)计划之类的计划购买低排放车辆。要使车辆合格,必须证明它们在预定的行驶周期内达到了某些排放限值。影响车辆性能的关键因素之一是供暖通风和空调(HVAC)系统的运行,该系统是系统中的大量能源消耗,因此了解驾驶室和驾驶室的热性能至关重要。维持舒适条件所需的HVAC负荷。本文概述了通用城市公交车的集总参数模型,用于确定此类负载并帮助创建控制策略以最大程度地减少能耗。使用稳态分析,可以确定在单个MLTB驱动周期内维持车厢内部温度所需的平均功耗。动态分析表明,通过更改HVAC策略,可以消除在整个周期内以全功率运行系统的需求,从而降低能耗。通过实施一种基于迟滞的控制策略,该策略会使环境过热,然后切换到低功率模式以允许温度恢复。与在恒定稳定条件下运行的基准情况相比,该模型能够显示出高达26.6%的潜在节能量。功率输出。

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