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首页> 外文会议>International Food Legumes Research Conference >TOWARDS THE MORE EFFICIENT USE OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS IN FOOD LEGUME CROPPING
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TOWARDS THE MORE EFFICIENT USE OF WATER AND NUTRIENTS IN FOOD LEGUME CROPPING

机译：朝着食品豆类种植中更有效地使用水和营养素

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Nutrient imbalance and soil moisture stress are the major abiotic constraints limiting productivity of cool season food legumes. These constraints are more pronounced in the semi-arid tropics and sub-tropics which are the principal production zones ofchickpea, lentil and faba bean. The legumes are generally grown on residual moisture as a mono crop and consequently face drought especially during the reproductive phase. In recent years, chickpea, lentil, peas and faba bean have been grown in some areas with an irrigated/assured water supply under intensive cropping to sustain cereal based systems. An increased water supply favourably influences productivity in dry environments. Faba bean, French beans and peas show a relatively better response to irrigation. The pod initiation stage is considered most critical with respect to moisture stress. Excessive moisture often has a negative effect on podding and seed yield. Eighty to ninety percent of the nitrogen requirements of leguminous crops is met from N2 fixation hence a dose of 15-25 kg N ha~(-1) has been recommended. However, in new cropping systems like rice-chickpea, higher doses of 30-40 kg N ha~(-1) are beneficial. Phosphorus deficiency is wide spread and good responses occur to 20 to 80 kg P2Os ha~(-1) , depending on the nutrient status of soil, cropping systems and moisture availability. Response to potassium application is localized. The use of 20-30 kg S ha~(-1) and some of the micronutrients such as Zn, B, Mo and Fe have improved productivity. Band placement of phosphatic fertilizers and use of bio-fertilizers has enhanced the efficiency of applied as well as native P. Foliar applications of some micronutrients have been effective in correcting deficiencies. Water use efficiency has been improved with some management practices such as changed sowing time, balanced nutrition, mulching and tillage.
机译：营养不平衡和土壤水分应激是限制凉爽季节食品豆类生产率的主要非生物限制。这些限制在半干旱热带和潜水机中更加明显，这些限制是Chickpea，扁豆和法瓦豆的主要生产区。豆类通常在残留的水分上生长为单体作物，因此尤其是在生殖期间的干旱。近年来，鹰嘴豆，扁豆，豌豆和豆豆已经在一些地区种植，在密集的种植下进行灌溉/保证供水以维持基于谷物的系统。增加的供水有利地影响干燥环境的生产力。 Faba Bean，法国豆和豌豆显示对灌溉的相对更好的反应。对水分胁迫的豆荚引发阶段被认为是最关键的。过度的水分往往对荚和种子产量产生负面影响。八十至百分之九十百分之九十的豆科作物的氮要求由N2固定满足，因此推荐了15-25kg N〜（-1）的剂量。然而，在新的种植系统中，如米鸡豆，较高剂量为30-40千克，（-1）是有益的。磷缺乏率广泛，良好的反应发生在20至80kg P2OS HA〜（-1），这取决于土壤，种植系统和湿度可用性的营养状况。对钾应用的反应是本地化的。使用20-30kg S ha〜（-1）和一些微量营养素，如Zn，B，Mo和Fe具有提高的生产率。磷肥的频段放置和生物肥料的使用增强了应用的效率以及原生P.一些微量营养素的叶面应用在纠正缺陷方面是有效的。一些管理实践得到了改善的水性利用效率，如播种时间，平衡营养，覆盖和耕作。

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