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首页> 外文会议>International Food Legumes Research Conference >Agricultural Systems Intensification and Diversification through Food Legumes: Technological and Policy Options
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Agricultural Systems Intensification and Diversification through Food Legumes: Technological and Policy Options

机译：农业系统通过食品豆类进行加剧和多样化：技术和政策选择

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Food legumes provide an important opportunity to contribute to world food supplies in a sustainable way, through intensification and diversification of agricultural systems in the developing world and by providing a major source of nutrition for the world's poor. However, over the past two decades per capita production and consumption of food legumes has steadily fallen, in contrast to the rapid growth of cereals, soybeans, and livestock products. Yields of food legumes, especially those grown in thecool season, have stagnated as crop area has often been forced into marginal areas and no yield breakthroughs have occurred. Meanwhile, there are serious problems of sustainability of cereal-based systems in the favored areas. This is due, in part, to an increased dominance of monocropping with displacement of legumes. Legume production is also risky. A high variation in yield is compounded by seasonal and annual price fluctuations in both domestic and international markets, which are often thin and fragmented. Recent examples of the intensification and diversification of agricultural systems through the introduction of legumes in Turkey, Pakistan, and West Africa are discussed. These success stories highlight key issues in increasing food legume supplies, especially the identification of appropriate varieties for specific niches, reducing risks through tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, greater emphasis on consumer preferences for grain type, and seeking opportunities to lov/er costs, especially labor costs. Increased emphasis should also be given to identifying niches in more favored environments which offer potential for expanding the legume area, especially through double and triple cropping. Whether for favored or marginal areas, targeted extension campaigns will be an important element of any strategy. Finally, there is potential to improve markets and reduce price fluctuations through liberalization of trade and investment in market information, infrastructure, public awareness programs, and research on convenience foods.
机译：食物豆类通过发展中国家农业系统的集约化和多样化，为世界粮食用品提供了贡献的重要机会，并通过为世界贫困人口提供了一个主要的营养来源来实现促进世界粮食用品。然而，在过去二十年中，人均生产和食品豆类的消费稳步下降，与谷物，大豆和畜产品的快速增长相比。食物豆类产量，特别是那些在TheCool季节种植的食物豆类，因为作物地区经常被迫进入边缘地区，并且没有发生突破。同时，有利地区谷物基系统的可持续性存在严重问题。这部分是由于豆类移位的偏远地位的主导地位。豆科生产也有风险。在国内和国际市场的季节性和年度波动季节和年价格波动，往往是薄而稀薄和分散的产量的高度变化。讨论了通过引入土耳其，巴基斯坦和西非的豆类的​​农业系统强化和多样化的最新例子。这些成功案例突出了增加食物豆类用品的关键问题，特别是鉴定特定的核仁的适当品种，通过对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性来降低风险，更加重视粮食类型的消费者偏好，并寻求爱情/欧元的机会，特别是劳动力成本。还应增加重点，也应该在更有利的环境中识别Niches，这些环境提供扩展豆类区域的可能性，特别是通过双倍和三重裁剪。无论是受利于还是边际领域，有针对性的延期活动将是任何策略的重要因素。最后，潜力可以通过自由化的贸易和投资市场信息，基础设施，公众意识计划以及便利食品研究来改善市场和降低价格波动。

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