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首页> 外文会议>Eastern Nutrition Conference >NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: POTENTIAL TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
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NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF CLIMATE CHANGE: POTENTIAL TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

机译：气候变化的营养意义：减少畜禽生产系统温室气体排放的潜力

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Current greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from Canada's agriculture sector are estimated at over 66 mégatonnes C02-equivalent, representing approximately 10% of total GHG emissions in the country. Animal agriculture contributes 58 % of the total emissions from agriculture; with 28 % associated with enteric fermentation and 30 % related to manure handling, storage and land application. Animal agriculture is unique because the majority of GHG emissions are not related to fossil fuel use, rather emissionsare associated with microbes used for breakdown and digestion of feed in the animal gut and anaerobic or aerobic decomposition of manure generated following the excretion of feed that was not successfully utilized by the animal. Unlike many other sectors, where reduced fossil fuel use is directly related to reduce GHG emissions, the agriculture sector must first develop a better understanding of these microbial processes before effective mitigation strategies can be employed with confidence. Enteric GHG emissions are primarily associated with ruminants, which release methane as an end-product of fermentation in the rumen and large intestine. The methane emitted by ruminants can represent a significant portion (4 to 12 %) of the feed energy offered tothe animal. Feeding and management strategies that improve production efficiencies of the animal are, therefore, likely to simultaneously reduce energy lost in the form of methane. Our understanding of GHG emissions from manure is not as clear. Current estimates for the amount of manure produced by livestock, the apportionment of manure to the various handling and storage systems, the composition of manure, and the coefficients used for methane and nitrous oxide emissions for the various storage and land application systems were derived using very little Canadian data. Considerable error may exist in the current estimates associated with manure handling, storage and application, which presents a serious dilemma for municipal and provincial governmentsunder pressure to develop manure handling policies. The relative impact of nutritional and manure handling strategies will be discussed in the context of intensive livestock production systems.
机译：加拿大农业部门的当前温室气体（GHG）排放量估计超过66mmégatonnesC02相当，占全国温室气体总排放量的约10％。动物农业占农业总排放总量的58％; 28％与肠道发酵有关，30％与粪便处理，储存和土地应用有关。动物农业是独一无二的，因为大多数温室气体排放与化石燃料使用无关，而是与用于饲料中的动物肠道和饲喂饲料中的饲料的微生物相关的微生物的排放量无关，并且在饲料排泄后产生的肥料或不含粪便通过动物成功使用。与许多其他部门不同，在减少化石燃料使用的情况下与减少温室气体排放直接相关，在有效的缓解策略可以采用信心之前，农业部门必须更好地了解这些微生物过程。肠道温室气体排放主要与反刍动物有关，反刍动物将甲烷作为瘤胃和大肠中发酵的最终产物。反刍动物发出的甲烷可以代表饲料能量的重要部分（4至12％），提供了动物的饲料能量。因此，提高动物产量效率的喂养和管理策略可能同时减少甲烷形式失去的能量。我们对粪便的温室气体排放的理解并不明确。目前估计牲畜生产的粪肥量，粪肥分配到各种处理和储存系统，粪肥组合物和用于各种储存和陆地应用系统的甲烷和氧化二氮排放的系数的估计均得到小加拿大数据。在与粪便处理，存储和应用相关的当前估计中可能存在相当大的错误，这对市政和省级政府的压力提出了严重的困境，以开发粪便处理政策。营养和粪肥处理策略的相对影响将在密集的牲畜生产系统的背景下讨论。

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