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首页> 外文会议>Air Waste Management Association's Annual conference Exhibition >Investigation of Artifacts in Condensible Particulate Measurements for Stationary Combustion Sources
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Investigation of Artifacts in Condensible Particulate Measurements for Stationary Combustion Sources

机译：固定燃烧源可冷凝颗粒测量术中的伪影

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Reliable PM2.5 source apportionment will require accurate inventories of speciated emissions from stationary sources. Although gas combustion is typically thought of as a "clean" process, the enormous quantities of gas burned in boilers, process heaters, and engines could make even small emissions concentrations significant. Tests were performed on a gas-fired boiler and a gas-fired process heater in two separate refineries and a gas-fired steam generator in an oil field to characterize air emissions contributing to fine particulate matter in the ambient air. Comparative measurements of stack emissions using a dilution tunnel and conventional source test methods were made. The results showed that emissions of primary particulate and secondary particulate precursors are very low. Organic and elemental carbon dominated the primary particulate mass, followed by sulfates and smaller amounts of other ions and elements. The stack test results showed that total fine particulate mass measured using an in-stack filter and chilled impingers was much higher than that measured using the dilution tunnel. Other researchers have shown that the impinger method is subject to significant bias when SO2 is present at high (2000 ppm) levels in the stack gas. Analysis of impinger samples and a series of tests using particulate-free simulated combustion gases shows that this artifact also is present at low (less than 10 ppm) SO2 concentrations, and that it can be very significant relative to the extremely low particulate concentrations characteristic of gas-fired combustion sources. Based on these observations, results obtained using a dilution tunnel appear to be more representative of actual primary particulate emissions from these sources. A test protocol including a dilution tunnel for primary particulate emission measurements and other methods for secondary particulate precursor measurements is presented.
机译：可靠的PM2.5来源分配需要准确的静止来源的规格排放量。虽然燃气燃烧通常被认为是“清洁”过程，但在锅炉，工艺加热器和发动机中燃烧的巨大汽油可能会使小排放浓度显着。在两种单独的炼油厂和油田中的燃气蒸汽发生器中对燃气锅炉和燃气过程加热器进行了测试，以表征有助于环境空气中细颗粒物质的空气排放。使用稀释隧道和常规源试验方法进行堆叠排放的比较测量。结果表明，一次颗粒和二次颗粒前体的排放非常低。有机和元素碳占主导地颗粒物质，然后用​​硫酸盐和较少量的其他离子和元素。堆叠试验结果表明，使用堆叠滤光器和冷却的撞击器测量的总细颗粒物质远高于使用稀释隧道测量的粒子。其他研究人员表明，当SO2在堆气中的高（2000ppm）水平处存在时，厄兰方法受到显着偏差。使用颗粒状模拟燃烧气体的植物样本和一系列测试表明，该伪像在低（小于10ppm）SO 2浓度下也存在，并且它相对于极低的颗粒浓度是非常显着的燃气燃烧源。基于这些观察结果，使用稀释隧道获得的结果似乎更代表来自这些来源的实际颗粒物流量。提出了一种试验方案，包括用于初级颗粒发射测量的稀释隧道和其他用于二次颗粒前体测量的方法。

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