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Investigations and radiological assessments of mining residues in Germany

机译：德国采矿残留物的调查与放射性评估

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For centuries, exhaust air and sewage were released from mines and processing facilities into the environment, and mining debris and waste from ore processing were dumped there. The concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides can be considerably increased compared to soil and surface-near rocks and significantly increased radiation exposures can result for members of the public. In addition, measures of radiological protection have to be considered in many cases. Since the situation has arisen due to operation prior to regulations of radiological protection or operations conducted under inadequate radiological protection control, it is categorized as intervention situation. The principles for justifying intervention measures and for establishing action levels to be applied in remediation programmes for mining residues are discussed. Since the contamination of mining sites results from naturally occurring radionuclides, the natural background exposure should be taken into account in establishing appropriate action levels. Following the principle that radiation exposures being in normally occurring natural range do not require protection measures, the National Commission on Radiological Protection recommended criteria for the justification of remediation measures in case of radioactive contaminations of the environment arising from mining activities. The figures and the conditions of their application are discussed, as well as the practical approaches developed for the radiological assessment of mining residues in the Wismut remediation programme and in the programme for the evaluation of residues due to former mining activities.
机译：几个世纪以来，废气和污水被从地雷和加工设施释放到环境中，并且在那里倾倒了矿石加工的碎片和废物。与土壤和表面接近岩石相比，天然存在的放射性核素的浓度可以显着增加，并且可以显着增加辐射曝光可能导致公众的成员。此外，许多情况下必须考虑放射性保护的措施。由于由于在放射性保护或在放射性保护控制下进行的途径规定之前的操作而出现了情况，因此归类为干预情况。讨论了辩护干预措施和建立待应用于采矿残留物的修复方案的行动水平的原则。由于采矿部位的污染是由天然存在的放射性核素产生的，因此应考虑到建立适当的动作水平时进行天然背景暴露。在原则上，辐射曝光正常发生的自然范围不需要保护措施，国家放射性保护委员会建议在采矿活动所产生的环境的放射性污染情况下，改革措施的理由标准。讨论了其申请的数据以及其申请的条件，以及为矿业修复计划​​中采矿残留物的放射性评估以及因前采矿活动而评估残留物的方案而开发的实用方法。

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