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首页> 外文会议>Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems >A SYSTEM TO PREVENT MID AIR COLLISIONS
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A SYSTEM TO PREVENT MID AIR COLLISIONS

机译：防止中空碰撞的系统

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Tomorrow's Air Force will use Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) for a number of missions. High-risk missions in which pilot losses are unacceptable are ideal candidates for such vehicles. Swarming large numbers of vehicles to saturate enemy defenses and bring overwhelming force to a conflict for extended periods of time is another possibility. Whatever missions are chosen for these vehicles, their numbers and use will significantly increase in the future. We must find ways to allow safe operation with manned aircraft and UAVs in the same airspace. Although collision is to be prevented, close flight with other aircraft is necessary for formation, refueling, and combat training. Currently, multiple UAV flights are not performed due to the difficulty in the control algorithms and the lack of redundancy to handle failures. Control algorithm designs can be achieved to provide for multiple UAV operations but single thread system failures remains a problem. Also, unforeseen circumstances such as ground controllers flying the wrong course can cause air vehicles to arrive in the same airspace at the same time, which can cause a collision. Even in the case of autonomous UAV operation, flight management errors could result in time of arrival errors and air vehicle collisions. As more of these systems are utilized, the methods to control them become even more difficult and the possibility of something going wrong increases. There is also a desire to enable UAV flights within commercial airspace. This desire cannot be achieved until proven method to prevent air-to-air collisions is implemented. The design of an Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is intended to prevent air-to-air collisions between air vehicles. The Auto ACAS is not intended to replace existing designs such as the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) but is intended to accomplish a recovery at the last instant to prevent a collision. TCAS and other systems in use today provide situational awareness and traffic advisories to enable pilots to perform de-confliction and manual avoidance maneuver and remain several miles apart. In contrast, Auto ACAS assumes such de-confliction and manual avoidance attempts have not succeeded and operates in a time span that does not allow for manual pilot reactions, thus it must be highly integrated and automated in operation. An automated TCAS could be used to keep apart UAVs and commercial airliners but this kind of design may be difficult to implement due to the fact that it was initially designed to instruct the pilot to make course changes and not automatically take control of the aircraft.
机译：明天的空军将使用无人驾驶航空公司（UAV）了解一些任务。飞行员损失是不可接受的高风险任务是此类车辆的理想候选人。蜂拥着大量车辆以使敌人的防御饱和，并使延长的时间内对冲突带来压倒性的力量是另一种可能性。无论这些车辆选择什么任务，他们的数字都会在未来显着增加。我们必须找到允许在同一领域的载人飞机和无人机安全运行的方法。虽然要防止碰撞，但与其他飞机接近飞行是形成，加油和战斗训练所必需的。目前，由于控制算法难度和缺乏处理故障的冗余，不会执行多个UAV航班。可以实现控制算法设计以提供多个UAV操作，但单程系统故障仍然存在问题。此外，不可预见的情况，如地面控制器，飞行错误的课程可能导致航空器同时到达同一空域，这可能导致碰撞。即使在自主无人机操作的情况下，飞行管理错误也可能导致到达时间错误和空气车辆冲突。随着这些系统的更多，控制它们的方法变得更加困难，可能出现问题的可能性增加。还有希望在商业领域内能够在商业空域中启用无人机航班。在经过验证的方法以防止空气碰撞的方法中，不能实现这种需求。自动空气碰撞避免系统（ACA）的设计旨在防止航空器之间的空气碰撞。 Auto ACA不旨在替换现有的设计，例如交通警报和避免避免系统（TCA），但旨在在最后即时完成恢复以防止碰撞。今天使用的TCA和其他系统提供了态势意识和流量建议，以使飞行员能够执行解除冲突和手动避免机动，并仍然保持几英里。相比之下，自动ACAS承担了这样的解除冲突，手动避免尝试没有成功，并且在不允许手动导频反应的时间跨度中运行，因此它必须高度集成和自动化操作。自动化的TCA可以用于跟踪无人机和商业机构，但由于最初设计用于指示飞行员进行课程改变并且不会自动控制飞机，因此可能难以实现这种设计。

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