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Code Comparison Study Fosters Confidence in the Numerical Simulation of Enhanced Geothermal Systems

机译：代码比较研究促进了对增强地热系统数值模拟的信心

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Numerical simulation has become a standard analytical tool for scientists and engineers to evaluate the potential and performance of enhanced geothermal systems. A variety of numerical simulators developed by industry, universities, and national laboratories are currently available and being applied to better understand enhanced geothermal systems at the field scale. To yield credible predictions and be of value to site operators, numerical simulators must be able to accurately represent the complex coupled processes induced by producing geothermal systems, such as fracture aperture changes due to thermal stimulation, fracture shear displacement with fluid injection, rate of thermal depletion of reservoir rocks, and permeability alteration with mineral precipitation or dissolution. A suite of numerical simulators was exercised on a series of test problems that considered coupled thermal, hydraulic, geomechanical, and geochemical (THMC) processes. Problems were selected and designed to isolate selected coupled processes, to be executed on workstation class computers, and have simple but illustrative metrics for result comparisons. This paper summarizes the initial suite of seven benchmark problems, describes the code comparison activities, provides example results for problems and documents the capabilities of currently available numerical simulation codes to represent coupled processes that occur during the production of geothermal resources. Code comparisons described in this paper use the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standard ISO-13538 for proficiency testing of numerical simulators. This approach was adopted for a recent code comparison study within the radiation transfer-modeling field of atmospheric sciences, which was focused on canopy reflectance models. This standard specifies statistical methods for analyzing laboratory data from proficiency testing schemes to demonstrate that the measurement results do not exhibit evidence of an unacceptable level of bias.
机译：数值模拟已成为科学家和工程师的标准分析工具，以评估增强地热系统的潜在和性能。目前可获得由行业，大学和国家实验室开发的各种数控模拟器，并在现场规模上应用更好地了解增强的地热系统。为了产生可靠的预测和对现场运营商的价值，数值模拟器必须能够准确地代表通过产生地热系统引起的复杂耦合过程，例如由于热刺激而导致的骨折孔径变化，具有流体注入的裂缝剪切位移，热量速率储层岩石耗尽，矿物沉淀或溶解的渗透性改变。在一系列测试问题上进行一系列数值模拟器，该测试问题被认为是耦合的热，液压，地质力学和地球化学（THMC）过程。选择并旨在隔离所选择的耦合进程，以在工作站类计算机上执行，并且具有简单但是说明结果比较的说明性度量。本文总结了七个基准测试问题的初始套件，介绍了代码比较活动，为问题提供了示例结果，并记录了当前可用的数值模拟代码的功能，以表示地热资源生产过程中发生的耦合过程。本文中描述的代码比较使用ISO（国际标准化组织）标准ISO-13538，用于数值模拟器的能力测试。采用这种方法在辐射转移建模领域内采用了最近的码头比较研究，其专注于树冠反射模型。本标准规定了从能力测试计划分析实验室数据的统计方法，以证明测量结果不会表现出不可接受的偏差水平的证据。

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