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The Role of the Basal Ganglia in Beat Perception Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Investigations

机译：基底神经节在击败感知神经影像和神经心理调查中的作用

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Perception of musical rhythms is culturally universal. Despite this special status, rel-atively little is known about the neurobiology of rhythm perception, particularly with respect to beat processing. Findings are presented here from a series of studies that have specifically examined the neural basis of beat perception, using functional mag-netic resonance imaging (fMRI) and studying patients with Parkinson's disease. fMRI data indicate that novel beat-based sequences robustly activate the basal ganglia when compared to irregular, nonbeat sequences. Furthermore, although most healthy partic-ipants find it much easier to discriminate changes in beat-based sequences compared to irregular sequences, Parkinson's disease patients fail to show the same degree of benefit. Taken together, these data suggest that the basal ganglia are performing a crucial function in beat processing. The results of an additional fMRI study indicate that the role of the basal ganglia is strongly linked to internal generation of the beat. Basal ganglia activity is greater when participants listen to rhythms in which internal generation of the beat is required, as opposed to rhythms with strongly externally cued beats. Functional connectivity between part of the basal ganglia (the putamen) and cortical motor areas (premotor and supplementary motor areas) is also higher during perception of beat rhythms compared to nonbeat rhythms. Increased connectivity between cortical motor and auditory areas is found in those with musical training. The findings from these converging methods strongly implicate the basal ganglia in processing a regular beat, particularly when internal generation of the beat is required.
机译：对音乐节律的看法是文化普遍的。尽管存在这种特殊状态，但对节奏感知的神经生物学是众所周知的，特别是关于击败加工。这里从一系列研究中介绍了一系列研究，该研究专门研究了使用功能性磁性 - 近核共振成像（FMRI）和研究帕金森病患者的击败感知的神经基础。与不规则，非竞争序列相比，FMRI数据表明基于新的基于谷物的序列强大地激活了基础神经节。此外，尽管与不规则序列相比，大多数健康的拟合IP患者发现基于谷物的序列的变化更容易，但帕金森病患者未能表现出相同程度的益处。在一起，这些数据表明基底神经节在节拍处理中正在进行一个重要的功能。额外的FMRI研究结果表明，基础神经节的作用与节拍的内部生成强烈挂钩。当参与者倾听所需内部产生节拍的节奏时，基础神经节活动更大，而是与具有强烈外部缓冲节拍的节奏相反。与非煎的节奏相比，基底神经节（Putamen）和皮质电机区域（PRETAMEN）和皮质电机区域（PRETAMER和补充电机区域）之间的功能连接也在更高的击败节奏期间。在具有音乐训练的人中发现了皮质电机和听觉区域之间的连接增加。这些融合方法的调查结果强烈致力于加工常规节拍时的基础神经节，特别是当需要节拍的内部产生时。

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