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International Perspectives on the Alignment of Electric Service Costs and Retail Rate Structures

机译：关于电力服务成本和零售利率结构对齐的国际视角

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Reliable and environmentally responsible electricity has received much attention in the electric power industry and has guided the focus of work products from many professional technical organizations. Affordability of electric service is another dimension of electric service provision tied to technical considerations that merits attention. This paper addresses the alignment of retail billing structures with wholesale cost drivers, to clarify costs of electric service and issues surrounding cost transparency to customers, critical factors that impact affordability of electric service. In particular, the paper clarifies the issue of cost transparency in retail billing structures of capacity-driven costs, an issue previously identified in [1] as the lack of transparency over the demand component of electric service. Given the differing contexts of electric power industry restructuring around the world, a survey was created as a common information collection instrument for both traditional vertically integrated as well as restructured electric industry contexts. The investigation was designed to provide an international perspective on the cost components of electric service (beyond and including energy), the methods of allocating costs applied in practice, and the trends in domestic customer rate structures over time, by service territory, in both regulated and competitive market environments. Thirteen entities responded to the survey representing 13 regions from six continents. These included responses from New South Wales in Australia, New Zealand, Japan, South Africa, Colombia, France, Finland, Portugal, Belgium, European Union, U.K., and regions of the United States. The paper begins by summarizing key findings from the survey. It identifies and compares types of costs impacting electric service billing to end-use customers, who ultimately and collectively pay for the costs incurred through power procurement, operation, maintenance, and planning activities. From a functional perspective, costs originate primarily from power system generation, transmission, distribution, and customer-related services. Costs incurred are typically classified as capacity (varying be kW), energy (varying by kWh), or fixed (varying by number of customers). The paper shares observations on the extent retail rate structures are aligned with such costs incurred in the provision of electric service, as well as enabling technology developments supportive of cost alignment. The paper concludes with remarks on need for advances that may better align rate structures with costs to support sustainable cost recovery for utilities, affordability of electric service for consumers, and efficient and effective outcomes for society. Advances include employment of advanced metering infrastructure to enable more cost-reflective retail pricing structures and technology innovations that better inform customers and help them manage their costs.
机译：可靠和环保的电力在电力行业中受到了很大的关注，并从许多专业技术组织引导了工作产品的重点。电力服务的可负担能力是电力服务的另一种维度，与技术考虑相提并论。本文解决了零售计费结构与批发成本驱动程序的一致性，以澄清电力服务的成本和周围成本透明度的问题，影响电力服务的负担性的关键因素。特别是，本文阐明了能力驱动成本的零售计费结构中成本透明度的问题，这是在[1]中确定的问题，因为在电力服务的需求组件上缺乏透明度。鉴于世界各地重组的电力行业的不同背景，为传统垂直整合的和重组电力行业背景设计为普通信息收集仪器。该调查旨在为电力服务（超越和包括能源）的成本组成部分提供国际视角，分配在实践中应用成本的方法，以及国内客户率结构随着时间的推移，在监管中，服务领域的趋势竞争激烈的市场环境。 13个实体回应了代表六大洲的13个地区的调查。这些包括来自澳大利亚，新西兰，日本，南非，哥伦比亚，法国，芬兰，葡萄牙，比利时，欧洲联盟，U.K.以及美国地区的新南威尔士州的反应。本文首先总结了调查的主要结果。它识别并比较了影响电力服务计费到最终使用客户的成本的类型，最终和总共支付通过电力采购，运营，维护和规划活动所产生的费用。从功能角度来看，成本主要来自电力系统生成，传输，分配和客户相关服务。产生的成本通常被归类为容量（不同的是KW），能量（由KWH变化）或固定（不同客户的不同）。本文对零售利率结构的观察与提供电力服务的规定一致，以及支持成本对准的技术发展。本文的结论是，有关可能更好地对准利率结构的备忘表，以满足公用事业的可持续成本恢复，消费者的电力服务的可负担能力，以及社会的有效成本。进步包括先进的计量基础设施就业，以实现更成本的反思零售定价结构和技术创新，更好地为客户提供信息，帮助他们管理其成本。

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