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PROCESS IMPLEMENTATION AND QUALIFICATION OF ELECTROMETALLURGICAL HIGH LEVEL WASTE FORMS

机译：电气冶金高水平废物形式的过程实施和资格

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The disposal of DOE sodium bonded spent fuel in a geologic repository is a problem of national scope. There exists 60 metric tons of this fuel, which under current regulations cannot be safely placed in the proposed underground repository. The primary issue in the safe disposal of this fuel is treating the elemental sodium present in such a manner as to make it inert. The electrometallurgical treatment process treats the fuel and neutralizes the elemental sodium by reacting it to form sodium chloride. This process also recovers the uranium from the fuel and produces two high level waste forms, a metal waste form and a ceramic waste form. The process utilizes molten salt electrorefining technology to separate the uranium from the active fission products, such as Cs, Sr, I, and the rare earths, and residual actinides, such as Np, Pu and Am, which remain in the molten salt electrolyte. The cladding hulls are also separated and remain in the anode basket, which originally contained the fuel to be processed. Elements that are noble to the potential applied in the electrorefiner remain with the cladding hull remnants, this includes Zr, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd and Ag. The cladding hulls and “noble” metals are consolidated into a metal waste ingot, which is primarily stainless steel in composition but also contains 15 weight % zirconium. The salt from the electrorefiner is periodically removed and mixed with zeolite at an elevated temperature, which results in the salt being occluded in the zeolite. A small quantity of glass frit is then mixed with the salt occluded zeolite and the resulting material is then processed at high temperature or high temperature and pressure to produce a glass-bonded sodalite ceramic waste form. This paper will discuss the demonstration phase of this project where over 100 subassemblies of irradiated fuel were treated and several waste forms of both types were produced. Tests and analyses are being conducted to evaluate the physical, radiological and chemical properties of the two high-level waste forms with regard to three sets of information needs: 1) requirements specified for waste form acceptance into the DOE disposal system in the Waste Acceptance System Requirements Document, 2) issues related to Total System Performance Assessment and 3) issues related to process control for manufacture of the waste forms. This paper will discuss the status of the two high-level waste forms with respect to those needs.
机译：在地质储存库中处理DOE钠粘合的废燃料是国家范围的问题。这种燃料存在60公吨，这在当前规则下无法安全地放置在所提出的地下存储库中。这种燃料安全处理中的主要问题正在以这种方式治疗本发明的元素钠，以使其惰性。电冶金处理过程通过使其形成氯化钠来处理燃料并中和元素钠。该方法还恢复燃料中的铀，并产生两种高水平的废物形式，金属废料形式和陶瓷废物形式。该方法利用熔盐电熔化技术将铀从活性裂变产物中分离，例如Cs，Sr，I和稀土，以及残留的散浮物，例如NP，PU和AM，其保留在熔融盐电解质中。包覆壳体也分离并保留在阳极篮中，该阳极筐最初包含待加工的燃料。对电炉中施加的电位的元件留有覆层壳残余物，这包括Zr，Tc，Ru，Rh，Pd和Ag。将壳体和“贵族”金属固结成金属废料锭，其主要是组合物中的不锈钢，但还含有15重量％的锆。从电炉中的盐周期地除去并与沸石在升高的温度下混合，这导致沸石中堵塞的盐。然后将少量玻璃料与盐堵塞沸石混合，然后在高温或高温和压力下加工所得材料以产生玻璃键合钠陶瓷废物形式。本文将讨论该项目的演示阶段，治疗了100多种辐照燃料的子组件，并产生了几种类型的废物形式。正在进行测试和分析以评估两套信息需求的两组高级废物形式的物理，放射性和化学性质：1）在废物接受系统中为废物处理系统的垃圾形成验收规定的要求要求文件，2）与总系统性能评估有关的问题和3）与制造废物形式的过程控制有关的问题。本文将讨论关于这些需求的两个高级废物形式的状态。

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