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Recent developments in High Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry for biomolecules and related compounds

机译:生物分子及相关化合物的高分辨率串联质谱的最新进展

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In recent years several tandem mass spectrometric instruments like triple quadrupole (QqQ), TOF/TOF and hybrid systems like quadrupole/time-of-flight (Q-TOF), ion trap/time-of-flight (IT-TOF), LIT-Orbitrap and many others were introduced, each one offering several critical advantages and allowing the analyst to select the proper solution regarding the particular type of application. Except of sector field analyzers, nowadays hybrid MS can provide sufficiently high resolution values. Since the most efficient and commonly applied separation techniques are liquid and gas chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, the selected instrumentation must be eligible to hyphenate with some of them, and for this purpose there are suitable interfaces like, for instance, atmospheric pressure ionization (ESI and APCI) and photoionization (APPI), electron impact ionization (El), chemical ionization (CI), fast atom bombardment (FAB) or even plasma atomizers (ICP and MIP), which in principle function as mild or hard ion sources for MS. Nevertheless for high molecular weight analytes like proteins, nucleotides, natural and synthetic polymers, other ionization techniques like for instance matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are definitely required since they allow for improved sensitivity in extended mass range. Sophisticated software for optimization of the experimental procedures, manipulating of the large set of data and identification of unknown compounds and structures is required.
机译:近年来,一些串联质谱仪,例如三重四极杆(QqQ),TOF / TOF和混合系统,例如四极杆/飞行时间(Q-TOF),离子阱/飞行时间(IT-TOF),LIT -引入了Orbitrap和许多其他功能,每一项都具有若干关键优势,并允许分析人员针对特定类型的应用程序选择适当的解决方案。除扇区现场分析仪外,如今的混合质谱仪可以提供足够高的分辨率值。由于最有效和最常用的分离技术是液相色谱和气相色谱法以及毛细管电泳,因此所选仪器必须具备与某些仪器联用的资格,为此目的,需要使用合适的界面,例如大气压电离(ESI和APCI)和光电离(APPI),电子碰撞电离(El),化学电离(CI),快速原子轰击(FAB)或什至是等离子体雾化器(ICP和MIP),它们原则上用作MS的温和或硬离子源。但是,对于蛋白质,核苷酸,天然和合成聚合物之类的高分子量分析物,肯定需要其他电离技术,例如基质辅助激光解吸/电离(MALDI),因为它们可以在扩展的质量范围内提高灵敏度。需要用于优化实验程序,处理大量数据以及识别未知化合物和结构的精密软件。

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