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首页> 外文会议>Saint Petersburg International Conference on Integrated Navigation Systems; 20030526-28; St.Petersburg(RU) >A SYSTEM TO PREVENT MID AIR COLLISIONS
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A SYSTEM TO PREVENT MID AIR COLLISIONS

机译：防止空气中毒的系统

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Tomorrow's Air Force will use Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) for a number of missions. High-risk missions in which pilot losses are unacceptable are ideal candidates for such vehicles. Swarming large numbers of vehicles to saturate enemy defenses and bring overwhelming force to a conflict for extended periods of time is another possibility. Whatever missions are chosen for these vehicles, their numbers and use will significantly increase in the future. We must find ways to allow safe operation with manned aircraft and UAVs in the same airspace. Although collision is to be prevented, close flight with other aircraft is necessary for formation, refueling, and combat training. Currently, multiple UAV flights are not performed due to the difficulty in the control algorithms and the lack of redundancy to handle failures. Control algorithm designs can be achieved to provide for multiple UAV operations but single thread system failures remains a problem. Also, unforeseen circumstances such as ground controllers flying the wrong course can cause air vehicles to arrive in the same airspace at the same time, which can cause a collision. Even in the case of autonomous UAV operation, flight management errors could result in time of arrival errors and air vehicle collisions. As more of these systems are utilized, the methods to control them become even more difficult and the possibility of something going wrong increases. There is also a desire to enable UAV flights within commercial airspace. This desire cannot be achieved until proven method to prevent air-to-air collisions is implemented. The design of an Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) is intended to prevent air-to-air collisions between air vehicles. The Auto ACAS is not intended to replace existing designs such as the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) but is intended to accomplish a recovery at the last instant to prevent a collision. TCAS and other systems in use today provide situational awareness and traffic advisories to enable pilots to perform de-confliction and manual avoidance maneuver and remain several miles apart. In contrast, Auto ACAS assumes such de-confliction and manual avoidance attempts have not succeeded and operates in a time span that does not allow for manual pilot reactions, thus it must be highly integrated and automated in operation. An automated TCAS could be used to keep apart UAVs and commercial airliners but this kind of design may be difficult to implement due to the fact that it was initially designed to instruct the pilot to make course changes and not automatically take control of the aircraft.
机译：明天的空军将使用无人飞行器（UAV）执行许多任务。飞行员损失不可接受的高风险任务是此类车辆的理想选择。另一种可能是使大批车辆沉没，以使敌人的防御系统饱和，并使压倒性的部队长时间陷入冲突。无论为这些车辆选择什么任务，它们的数量和用途在未来都会大大增加。我们必须找到方法，以允许有人驾驶飞机和无人机在同一空域中安全运行。尽管要防止碰撞，但为编队，加油和进行战斗训练，必须与其他飞机近距离飞行。当前，由于控制算法的困难和缺乏处理故障的冗余性，没有进行多次无人机飞行。可以实现控制算法设计以提供多种UAV操作，但是单线程系统故障仍然是一个问题。同样，在不可预见的情况下，例如地面控制器以错误的路线飞行，可能会导致飞行器同时到达同一空域，从而导致碰撞。即使在自主无人机操作的情况下，飞行管理错误也可能导致到达时间错误和飞行器相撞。随着更多这些系统的使用，控制它们的方法变得更加困难，并且出现问题的可能性增加。还希望在商业领空内实现无人机飞行。直到实现行之有效的防止空对空碰撞的方法，才能实现这一愿望。自动防撞系统（ACAS）的设计旨在防止飞行器之间发生空对空碰撞。 Auto ACAS并不是要取代现有的设计，例如交通警报和防撞系统（TCAS），而是要在最后一刻完成恢复以防止碰撞。如今使用的TCAS和其他系统提供了态势感知和交通咨询功能，以使飞行员能够执行去冲突和手动回避机动，并保持几英里的距离。相比之下，Auto ACAS假定这种冲突和手动回避尝试均未成功，并且在不允许手动飞行员做出反应的时间段内运行，因此必须高度集成并在操作中实现自动化。可以使用自动TCAS来保持无人机和商用客机的分离，但是由于最初设计是用来指示飞行员进行航向更改而不是自动控制飞机，因此这种设计可能很难实施。

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