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Fat and Rumen Undegradable Protein for Grazing Cows: Effect on Composition of Milk and Quality of Cheese.

机译：放牧母牛的脂肪和瘤胃不可降解蛋白质：对牛奶成分和奶酪品质的影响。

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摘要

The effect of supplementing cows on pasture with a partial total mixed ration (pTMR) containing different fat and protein sources on milk yield, fatty acid profiles, protein content, cheese yield, cheese textural and sensorial properties and the economic feasibility were investigated. Twenty-seven multiparous cows were allowed to graze on alfalfa pasture and were supplemented with pTMR containing: (1) dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS), (2) soybean meal (ESB), or (3) fishmeal (FM). The pTMR were fed to supply 50% of estimated energy requirements.;There were no dietary effects on milk yield. The concentration of fat and protein in milk was greatest for FM and DDGS compared to ESB supplemented cows. The Brown Swiss cows had greater true protein and casein when fed DDGS compared with FM. Holstein cows produced greater true protein and casein concentrations when fed FM followed by DDGS and ESB. Milk from cows fed DDGS and FM had greater concentrations of C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 in milk fat compared with ESB. The concentration of C18:0 in milk was least in milk from cows supplemented with FM followed by DDGS and ESB. The least concentrations of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were observed in milk from cows supplemented with FM. Dietary treatments did not affect the concentrations of conjugated linoleic acid in milk.;The dietary treatments had no effect on the estimated and actual cheese yields Cheese from cows supplemented with FM had greater concentrations of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and lesser concentrations of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The typical effects of age on texture and melt profiles were observed, however, there were no dietary effects on textural attributes, sensorial and melt profiles.;Based on average prices for DDGS, FM and ESB over the study period, 2008--2010, gross and net profit were greatest in cows supplemented with DDGS followed by cows on ESB and FM.;This study indicates that supplementing cows on pasture with fat and ruminally undegradable protein could increase the concentrations of fat, protein, and casein in milk without compromising yield, other components, cheese yield, cheese chemical composition and cheese textural and sensorial properties. It is economically feasible to increase the healthful fatty acids through dairy cow dietary manipulation, especially when relatively lesser expensive dietary supplements such as DDGS are used.
机译：研究了用不同脂肪和蛋白质来源的部分总混合日粮（pTMR）在牧场上补充牛对奶产量，脂肪酸谱，蛋白质含量，奶酪产量，奶酪质地和感官特性以及经济可行性的影响。使二十七头多胎母牛在苜蓿牧场上放牧，并补充了pTMR，其中包含：（1）含可溶物的干酒糟（DDGS），（2）豆粕（ESB）或（3）鱼粉（FM）。饲喂pTMR可以提供估计能量需求的50％。；饮食对牛奶产量没有影响。与补充ESB的母牛相比，FM和DDGS的牛奶中脂肪和蛋白质的浓度最高。与FM相比，饲喂DDGS的布朗瑞士奶牛的真实蛋白质和酪蛋白含量更高。当FM，DDGS和ESB饲喂时，荷斯坦奶牛的真实蛋白质和酪蛋白浓度更高。与ESB相比，用DDGS和FM饲喂的母牛的牛奶中的牛奶中C12：0，C14：0和C16：0的浓度更高。牛奶中C18：0的浓度最低，来自添加了FM，接着是DDGS和ESB的奶牛。在补充FM的奶牛的牛奶中，长链多不饱和脂肪酸的浓度最低。日粮处理不会影响牛奶中共轭亚油酸的浓度。日粮处理不会影响估计和实际的奶酪产量补充FM的奶牛奶酪中饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸的浓度较高，不饱和和多不饱和脂肪酸的浓度较低脂肪酸。观察到年龄对质地和融化特征的典型影响，但对结构特性，感官和融化特征没有饮食影响;;基于研究期间（2008--2010）DDGS，FM和ESB的平均价格，补充DDGS的奶牛的总利润和净利润最高，其次是ESB和FM的奶牛。该研究表明，在牧场上给母牛补充脂肪和反刍动物不可降解的蛋白质可以增加牛奶中脂肪，蛋白质和酪蛋白的浓度，而不会影响产量，其他成分，奶酪产量，奶酪化学成分以及奶酪的质感和感官特性。通过奶牛的饮食控制来增加健康的脂肪酸在经济上是可行的，特别是在使用相对便宜的膳食补充剂（例如DDGS）时。

著录项

  • 作者

    Nyoka, Rosemary.;

  • 作者单位

    South Dakota State University.;

  • 授予单位 South Dakota State University.;
  • 学科 Agriculture General.;Agriculture Animal Culture and Nutrition.;Economics Agricultural.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2010
  • 页码 177 p.
  • 总页数 177
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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