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Reforming the dualities: The politics of labor market reform in contemporary East Asia.

机译：改革二元性：当代东亚劳动力市场改革的政治。

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What are the characteristics of East Asia's labor market systems, and how have they changed? This dissertation claims that postwar Japan, South Korea and Taiwan maintained "labor market dualities": substantial gaps in access to employment protection and welfare provisions between regular workers and other workers. Since the late 1990s, however, East Asia's practices of labor market dualities have come under tremendous pressures, including the end of rapid growth, the introduction of US-style liberal capitalism, and changing institutional environments.;This dissertation reveals that East Asian countries have selected different paths of labor market reform during the past decade. Japan has reinforced its labor market duality by strengthening employment protection for regular workers and rationalizing welfare programs. South Korea has undertaken a systemic change of its duality by weakening employment security for regular workers and universalizing the coverage of welfare programs. Taiwan has taken a preservation path, placing priority on stabilizing most workers' incomes while maintaining employment security of public-sector workers.;This dissertation highlights two variables to explain national differences in labor market reform: a regime's reform orientation and the dominant policymaking mode. With their transformational orientation, both Korean and Taiwanese regimes have committed to challenge their labor market dualities through more liberalization measures against regular workers and more welfare benefits for marginal workers. However, the feasibility of realizing such orientation was different between the two countries. In Korea, the statist policymaking pattern has supported the government's commitment to the transformational goals. Meanwhile, the Taiwanese government could not accomplish all of its goals. Unions have mobilized their clientelist ties to persuade the government to protect public-sector workers. Finally, Japan's reinforcement resulted from the confluence of its pragmatic regime orientation and the corporatist policymaking mode. National-level union has persuaded its pragmatic government and business group to preserve employment security for regular workers. In exchange, the government could alleviate the continuing rigidity in labor markets by increasing non-regular employment and reducing welfare benefits.;This dissertation also assesses the socioeconomic effects of the new labor market policies and discusses if the countries have combined market efficiency with social stability successfully.
机译：东亚劳动力市场体系的特征是什么，它们如何改变？本文认为，战后日本，韩国和台湾保持了“劳动力市场二元性”：正规工人与其他工人在获得就业保护和福利方面存在巨大差距。然而，自1990年代后期以来，东亚的劳动力市场二元化实践承受着巨大的压力，包括快速增长的结束，美国式自由资本主义的引入以及不断变化的体制环境。在过去十年中选择了不同的劳动力市场改革路径。日本通过加强对正规工人的就业保护和合理化福利计划，加强了其劳动力市场的双重性。韩国已经通过削弱正规工人的就业保障和普及福利计划的方式，对二元性进行了系统的改变。台湾采取了一条保护之路，在稳定大多数工人的收入的同时，又要维护公共部门工人的就业安全。本论文着重强调了两个变量来解释国家在劳动力市场改革方面的差异：政权的改革方向和主导的决策模式。韩国和台湾政权都以其转型为导向，致力于通过对正规工人采取更加自由化的措施以及为边际工人提供更多福利的方式来挑战其劳动力市场的双重性。但是，两国之间实现这种定位的可行性不同。在韩国，国家主义的政策制定模式支持了政府对转型目标的承诺。同时，台湾政府无法实现其所有目标。工会动员了客户关系，说服政府保护公共部门的工人。最后，日本的加强是由于其务实的政权定位和社团主义的决策模式的融合。全国工会组织说服了务实的政府和商业团体，以维护正规工人的就业安全。作为交换，政府可以通过增加非正规就业和减少福利待遇来缓解劳动力市场的持续僵化。本文还评估了新劳动力市场政策的社会经济影响，并讨论了这些国家是否将市场效率与社会稳定相结合。成功。

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