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Modeling of micro-spatial employment location patterns and its application to the Puget Sound Region: Count and choice approaches.

机译：微观空间就业区位模式的建模及其在普吉特海湾地区的应用：计数和选择方法。

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摘要

This dissertation studies employment location patterns in the Puget Sound Region of Washington State at a micro level of geography and attempts to suggest analytical methods that can be used when such micro levels of geography are used, answer some unanswered empirical questions, and thus develop a planning-oriented modeling capacity to inform local economic development policies.; Methodological findings show that the zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) model is the best-fitting count model since, technically, it successfully incorporates numerous observations on locations with no employment and overdispersed employment location patterns when microlevels of geographical units are used. ZINB is theoretically suitable for modeling employment locations due to the applicability of two fundamentally different zero-generating processes into the employment location context. Empirically, ZINB steps beyond the most commonly used discrete choice model, a multinomial logit (MNL) model in that it provides more insightful details due to the dual process. Empirical findings reveal that the retail sector is more dispersed and locally-oriented than the FIRE sector is, that new employment location patterns show a stronger tendency toward suburbanization than existing employment location patterns do, that location factors have changed over time, that establishments created in green-field areas are more sensitive to land values, more suburbanized, and more clustered than those created in relatively built-up areas, and that smaller-scale establishments are clustered in areas with high localization economies while larger-scale establishments are clustered in areas with high regional accessibility. Empirical findings also suggest that analyzing employment births produces behaviorally more sound results than using cross-section data; yet despite the potential theoretical advantages of using establishments as opposed to jobs as the location decision-making agents, in practice, using establishments does not produce behaviorally more sound results unless size is considered.; Finally, the dissertation undertakes a proof-of-concept application to a planning analysis, simulating the predicted number of new small-and-medium sized retail establishments that would be created by up-zoning commercial or residential densities in Urban Centers in King County, and demonstrates that models developed in this study have a range of possible planning applicability such as suggesting ways to promote economic development in targeted urban centers.
机译：本文研究了微观地理层次上华盛顿州普吉特海湾地区的就业位置模式，并试图提出分析方法，以使用这种微观层次地理学，回答一些悬而未决的经验问题，从而制定计划具有导向能力的建模能力，可为地方经济发展政策提供依据；方法学研究结果表明，零膨胀负二项式（ZINB）模型是最适合的计数模型，因为从技术上讲，当使用微观级别的地理单位时，它成功地结合了无就业地点的大量观察结果和过度分散的就业地点模式。由于两个基本不同的零生成过程在就业地点环境中的适用性，ZINB理论上适合于对就业地点进行建模。从经验上讲，ZINB超越了最常用的离散选择模型（多项式Lo​​git（MNL）模型），因为它具有双重处理功能，因此可以提供更深入的信息。经验发现表明，零售业比FIRE业更加分散和以地方为导向，新的就业区位模式显示出比现有就业区位模式更强的郊区化趋势，区位因素随着时间的推移发生了变化，相对于相对建成区而言，绿地地区对土地价值更敏感，更郊区化，更聚集，并且规模较小的企业聚集在本地化程度较高的地区，而规模较大的机构则聚集在较高地区具有较高的区域可达性。经验发现还表明，与使用横截面数据相比，分析就业出生在行为上会产生更合理的结果。尽管使用机构而非职位作为位置决策者具有潜在的理论优势，但实际上，除非考虑规模，使用机构在行为上不会产生更合理的结果。最后，本文对规划分析进行了概念验证，模拟了金郡县城市中心的商业或住宅密度的分区将创建的新的中小型零售场所的预计数量，并证明了本研究开发的模型具有一系列可能的规划适用性，例如建议了在目标城市中心促进经济发展的方法。

著录项

  • 作者

    Kim, Hyungtai.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Washington.;

  • 授予单位 University of Washington.;
  • 学科 Geography.; Urban and Regional Planning.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 2006
  • 页码 184 p.
  • 总页数 184
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 自然地理学;区域规划、城乡规划;
  • 关键词

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